"fife 


'W.. 


Celebration  of  the  Two  Hundredth 
Anniversary  of  the  Incorporation  of  the 
Town  of  Newton,  Massachusetts,  December 
27,  1888. 


Published  by  order  of  the  City  Council. 

UNDER   DIRECTION   OF   THE  CITY   CLERK. 


Boston,  Printed  by 

&berg  I*.  -Eantr,  eighteen 

hundred  and  ninety-one 


7f 


Nsb  Nfi> 


CITY  OF  NEWTON. 

(11030)  Mayor's  Office,  City  Hall, 

West  Newton,  Mass.,  Oct.  12,  1S88. 
To  the  City  Council: 

Gentlemen, —  Newton  was  incorporated  as  a  town  in  the  year  1688. 
This  being  the  two  hundredth  anniversary  of  that  important  event,  I 
recommend  that  a  committee  be  appointed  to  make  arrangements  for 
an  appropriate  celebration,  and  that  a  reasonable  appropriation  be  made 
to  defray  necessary  expenses  therefor. 

J.  Wesley  Kimball,  Mayor. 


CITY  OF  NEWTON. 

( 1 1048) 

In  the  Board  of  Mayor  and  Aldermen,  Nov.  12,  18S8. 

Ordered,  That  a  Committee,  to  consist  of  His  Honor  the  Mayor,  three 
Aldermen,  and  such  members  as  the  Common  Council  may  join,  be  and 
is  hereby  appointed  to  arrange  for  the  celebration  of  the  two  hundredth 
anniversary  of  the  incorporation  of  Newton  as  a  town,  and  that  the  sum 
of  $250,  to  be  charged  to  Miscellaneous  Expenses,  be  and  is  hereby 
appropriated  to  meet  the  expenses  of  such  celebration,  to  be  expended 
by  the  Committee  herein  appointed. 

Adopted.  Aldermen  George  Pettee,  Edwin  O.  Childs,  and  John 
Ward  appointed,  on  the  part  of  the  Board  of  Aldermen. 

Isaac  F.  Kingsbury,  Clerk. 

Adopted  in  concurrence  by  the  Common  Council.  Councilmen  Pres- 
ident Heman  M.  Burr,  Frank  J.  Hale,  Ephraim  S.  Hamblen,  and  Law- 
rence Bond  appointed. 

John  C.  Brimblecom,  Clerk. 

Approved  Nov.  14,  1888. 

J.  Wesley  Kimball,  Mayor. 

CITY  OF  NEWTON. 

(11163) 

In  the  Board  of  Mayor  and  Aldermen,  Dec.  31,  1888. 

Ordered,  That  the  City  Clerk  be  and  is  hereby  requested  to  prepare  a 
memorial  volume  of  the  celebration,  Dec.  27,  188S,  of  the  two  hundredth 
anniversary  of  the  incorporation  of  the  town  of  Newton,  and  that  five 
hundred  copies  of  the  same  be  printed  for  the  use  of  the  City  Council 
and  for  distribution  as  follows, —  one  copy  each  to  the  Smithsonian  Insti- 


tute,  Washington,  D.C.,  the  State  Library,  the  Newton  Free  Library, 
and  the  clerk  of  the  towns  of  Brookline,  Watertown,  Weston,  Wellesley, 
and  Needham,  and  the  clerk  of  each  city  of  the  Commonwealth, —  the  cost 
of  same  not  to  exceed  $150,  to  be  charged  to  the  appropriation  for  Mis- 
cellaneous Expenses. 
Adopted.  Isaac  F.  Kingsbury,  Clerk. 

Adopted  in  concurrence  by  the  Common  Council. 

John  C.  Brimblecom,  Clerk. 

Approved  Jan.  7,  1889. 

J.  Wesley  Kimball,  Mayor. 

CITY  OF  NEWTON. 

(12151) 

City  Hall,  West  Newton,  Mass.,  Dec.  30,  1889. 

To  the  City  Council: 

By  an  order  (11 163)  approved  Jan.  7,  1889,  the  City  Clerk  was  author- 
ized to  prepare  a  memorial  volume  of  the  two  hundredth  anniversary  of 
the  incorporation  of  the  town  of  Newton,  and  the  sum  of  $150  was 
appropriated  for  printing  five  hundred  copies  of  same  for  use  of  the 
City  Council  and  other  distribution.  The  copy  for  printing  could  not  be 
obtained  till  late  in  the  year,  and  it  appears  that  the  amount  appropriated 
is  not  sufficient  to  publish  the  volume  in  suitable  or  acceptable  form. 

A  fair  estimate  of  the  additional  amount  needed  is  $125. 
Respectfully  submitted, 

Isaac  F.  Kingsbury,  City  Clerk- 

CITY  OF  NEWTON. 
(12162) 

In  the  Board  of  Mayor  and  Aldermen,  Dec.  30,  1S89. 
Ordered,  That  the  sum  of  $125  be  and  is  hereby  appropriated  in  addi- 
tion to  the  sum  of  $150  already  appropriated  for  the  publication,  by  the 
City  Clerk,  of  the  memorial  volume  of  the  two  hundredth  anniversary  of 
the  incorporation  of  the  town  of  Newton,  said  amount  to  be  charged 
to  the  appropriation  for  Miscellaneous  Expenses. 
Adopted.  Isaac  F.  Kingsbury,  Clerk. 

Adopted  in  concurrence  by  the  Common  Council. 

John  C.  Brimblecom,  Clerk. 

Approved  Dec.  31,  1889. 

Heman  M.  Burr,  Mayor. 


THE  celebration  of  the  two  hundredth  anniversary  of  the 
incorporation  of  the  town  of  Newton,  covering  so  long 
a  period,  filled  to  repletion  with  historical  interest  and 
crowned  with  abundant  prosperity,  suggested  difficulties  as  to  the 
the  character  the  celebration  should  assume.  The  season  of  the 
year  precluded  any  out-of-door  demonstration;  and  it  was  finally 
determined  to  confine  the  observance  to  a  public  meeting  in  the 
City  Hall  on  the  afternoon  of  December  27,  to  be  followed  by 
a  banquet  at  Woodland  Park  Hotel. 

The  Committee,  in  the  performance  of  the  most  agreeable  duty 
assigned  them,  met  with  ready  response  from  those  invited  to  take 
part  in  the  exercises,  and  the  people  gathered  with  devout  grati- 
tude to  the  Giver  of  all  good  for  the  mercies  of  the  past  and 
present,  filled  with  hope  and  joyful  expectation  of  blessings  yet  to 
come.  Participating  in  the  sentiments  of  the  day,  greetings  are 
hereby  recorded  to  those  of  the  far-off  future  who  shall  "  dwell  in 
the  land,"  successors  to  our  homes  and  firesides,  when  another 
period  of  two  hundred  years,  with  all  its  wonderful  changes,  shall 
have  passed. 

At  the  public  meeting  in  the  afternoon,  the  City  Hall  at  West 
Newton  was  filled  with  an  audience  of  the  citizens  of  Newton, 
together  with  many  invited  guests ;  and  the  exercises  were  con- 
ducted substantially  in  accordance  with  the  annexed  programme. 

The  Germania  Orchestra,  under  the  lead  of  Emil  Mollenhauer, 
and  composed  of  the  following  members  :  — 

First  Violins,  E.  Mollenhauer,  Carl  Eichler:  Second  Violin,  Percy  C. 
Hayden ;    Viola,  Julius  Eichler;  ''Cello,  Alex.  Heindl ;  Basso,  A.  Stein; 


6  TWO  HUNDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY— NEWTON 

Flute,   Paul   Fox:    Clarinets,  E.  Strasser,  P.  Metzger;    Cornets,  Dr.  R. 
Shuebruk,  Benj.  Bowron :  French  Horns,  E.  Lippoldt,  E.  Schormann. 

rendered  the  following  selections  :  — 

i.  Overture,  "Mignon," Thomas 

2.  Concert  Waltz,  "  Promotioncn," Strauss 

3.  Romanza,  "  Awakening  of  Spring," Ch.  Bach 

4.  "  Loin  du  Bal,"  String  Orchestra, Gillet 

5.  Grand  selection  from  "  Tannhauser," Wagner 

Hon.  Alexander  H.  Rice,  a  native  of  Newton  and  ex-Governor 
of  the  Commonwealth,  was  among  those  invited  to  be  present ;  and 
the  regret  which  he  expressed  in  being  compelled  to  decline  was 
equally  shared  by  those  who  had  been  privileged  to  listen  to  his 
public  addresses. 

For  the  Committee, 

ISAAC  F.  KINGSBURY,  City  Clerk. 


CONTENTS. 

PACE  . 

Introduction, 5 

Order  of  Exercises,      9 

Invocation,  Rev.   Daniel  L.   Furber,   D.D.,   Pastor  Emeritus  of 

the  First  Church, 13 

Introductory  Address.  Hon.  J.  Wesley  Kimball,  Mayor  of  the 

City  of  Newton, 15 

Address,  His  Excellency,  Oliver  Ames,  Governor  of  the  Common- 
wealth of  Massachusetts, 18 

Historical  Address,  Hon.  James  F.  C.  Hyde,  First  Mayor  of 

the  City  of  Newton, 20 

Address,  Leverett  Saltonstall,  Esq.,  Collector  of  U.  S.  Customs  at 

the  Port  of  Boston, 42 

Original  Poem,  Rev.  Samuel  F.  Smith.  D.D., 46 

Address,  John  S.  Farlow,  Esq., 49 

Address,  Hon.  William  B.   Fowle,   Third   Mayor  of  the  City  of 

Newton, 52 

Address,  Otis  Pettee,  Esq., 58 

Address,  Julius  L.  Clarke,  Esq.,  First  Clerk  of  the  City  of  Newton,  63 
Benediction,   Rev.   George   W.  Shinn,  D.D.,  Rector  of  Grace 

Church, 68 

Banquet,  Woodland  Park  Hotel, 69 


YE  Two   Hundredth  Anniversary 

Of  ye 

INCORPORATION  OF  YE 

TOWNE   OF   NEWTON 


CITY  OF  NEWTON,  MASSACHUSETTS, 

CITY  HALL,  WEST  NEWTON, 
Thursday,  December  27,   1888. 


EXERCISES  IN  THE  AFTERNOON, 

[MENCING  at  Half-past  2  O'clock, 
His  Honor,  the  Mayor,  presiding. 

Music.     Germania  Band. 

Invocation.     Rev.  Daniel  L.  Furber,  D.D. 
Music. 
Introductory  Address.     Hon.  J.  Wesley  Kimball,  Mayor. 

Address.     His  Excellency  the  Governor,  Oliver  Ames. 
Music. 
Address.     Hon.  James  F.  C.  Hyde. 

Music. 

Address.     Leverett  Saltonstall. 
Poem.     Rev.  Samuel  F.  Smith,  D.D. 


Music 


Address.     John  S.  Farlow. 


Address.     IIox.  William  B.  Fowle, 


Address.     Hon.  John  C. 


Music. 


Address.     Otis  Pettee. 


Address.     Julius  L.  Clarke. 


Audience  will  unite  in  singing  America. 


My  country,  'tis  of  thee, 
Sweet  land  of  liberty, — 

Of  thee  I  sing: 
Land  where  my  fathers  died, 
Land  of  the  pilgrims'  pride, 
From  every  mountain  side 

Let  freedom  ring ! 


My  native  country,  thee,— 
Land  of  the  noble  free, — 

Thy  name  I  love  : 
I  love  thy  rocks  and  rills, 
Thy  woods  and  templed  hills  ; 
My  heart  with  rapture  thrills 

Like  that  above. 


Our  fathers'  God  !  to  thee, 
Author  of  liberty, — 

To  thee  we  sing  : 
Long  may  our  land  be  bright 
With  freedom's  holy  light: 
Protect  us  by  thy  might, 

Great  God,  our  King ! 


Benediction.     Rev.  George  W.  Shinn,  D.D. 


TOWNE   GOVERNMENT,    1688. 

Selectmen. 

LIEUTENANT  JOHN  SPRING.        JOHN  PRENTICE. 
THOMAS  PRENTICE,  2d.  DEA.  EDWARD  JACKSON. 

JOHN  FULLER.  ABRAHAM  JACKSON. 

THOMAS  GREENWOOD. 


CITY   GOVERNMENT,   1888. 

Mayor. 
}.   WESLEY   KIMBALL. 

Board  of  A  Idermen . 

President,  GEORGE  PETTEE. 

Ward  1.  Edwix  O.  Childs.  Ward  5.     George  Pettee. 

Ward  2.  N.  Henry  Chadwick.  Ward  6.    John  Ward. 

Ward  3.  James  H.  Nickerson.  Ward  7.     James  W.  French. 

Ward  4.  Frederick  Johnson.  Clerk,  Isaac  F.  Kingsbury. 


Cotnmon  Council. 
President,  HE  MAN  M.  BURR 
Ward  5 


Ward  1.     Herbert  H.  Powell. 

Albert  W.  Rice. 
Ward  2.     John  A.  Fenno. 

Edmund  T.  Wiswall. 
Ward  3.     Lawrence  Bond. 

Henry  H.  Hunt. 
Ward  4.    Frederick  J.  Ranlett. 

Everett  E.  Moody. 


E.  H.  Greenwood. 

Frank  J.  Hale. 
Ward  6.     Heman  M.  Burr. 

Henry  H.  Read. 
Ward  7.    J.  Charles  Kennedy. 

Ephraim  S.  Hamblen. 

Clerk,  John  C.  Brimblecom. 


PRAYER  OF  REV.  DANIEL  L  FURBER,  D.D. 


[Dr.  Furber  on  rising  for  prayer  remarked  :  "  It  was  the  custom  of  our  fathers 
to  stand  during  public  prayer.  If  it  shall  seem  good  to  you  to  do  so  at  the 
present  time,  you  will  be  honoring  an  ancient  and  venerable  usage."  The  audi- 
ence then  arose,  and  prayer  was  offered  as  follows:—] 

O  Thou  who  art  from  everlasting  to  everlasting,  our  God 
and  our  fathers'  God,  we  bow  and  worship  thee.  One  gen- 
eration goeth  and  another  cometh,  one  century  is  gone  and 
another  has  followed  it,  but  thou  art  the  same  and  thy  good- 
ness is  the  same  to  thy  dependent  creatures. 

We  have  consecrated  the  hours  of  this  day  to  the  memory 
of  thy  distinguishing  goodness  to  us  as  inhabitants  of  this 
favored  city.  How  greatly  hast  thou  blessed  us  !  Surely 
the  lines  have  fallen  to  us  in  pleasant  places,  and  we  have  a 
goodly  heritage.  As  we  recount  the  blessings  which  fill  our 
cup  and  cause  it  to  overflow,  blessings  of  religion  and  of 
education,  of  temperance  and  morality,  of  liberty  and  law, 
and  all  the  institutions  of  beneficence  and  charity,  we  cannot 
forget  that  we  have  entered  into  the  labors  of  other  men 
whose  character  moulded  our  institutions,  whose  principles 
drawn  from  thy  holy  word  are  the  foundation  of  the  Chris- 
tian society  which  we  enjoy,  and  whose  spirit  lives  in  the 
air  we  breathe.  We  give  thanks  for  their  virtues  formed 
amid  hardship  and  privation,  and  for  the  strength  of  purpose 
and  faith  in  thee  which  carried  them  triumphantly  through 
the  conflicts  of  their  time ;  for  the  undaunted  heroism  with 
which  they  encountered  and  overcame  a  lurking  savage  foe, 
and  for  the  patience,  fortitude,  and  courage  with  which  they 
endured  the  long  struggle  for  independence.  We  give 
thanks  for  the  patriotism  of  our  own  times,  in  which  many 
of  our  neighbors  and  friends  so  freely  offered  themselves  for 


IA  TWO  IICXDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY— NEWTON 

liberty  and  union.  We  give  thanks  for  the  men  who  at  dif- 
ferent times  and  in  various  branches  of  public  service  have 
lived  lives  of  eminent  usefulness,  and  who  have  been  an 
ornament  to  our  history, —  for  that  apostolic  missionary  who 
brought  the  knowledge  of  salvation  to  the  wigwams  of  the 
forest,  and  for  all  the  faithful  men  who  have  ever  stood  in 
the  pulpits  of  our  town  to  proclaim  the  gospel  of  our  Lord 
Jesus  Christ,  or  who  have  gone  forth  to  labor  as  ministers 
or  missionaries  elsewhere. 

And  now  we  ask  that  whatsoever  in  the  past  is  praiseworthy 
may  be  equally  characteristic  of  the  present  and  the  future  ; 
that  true  religion  may  flourish,  that  we  may  have  faithful 
ministers  of  the  gospel,  untrammelled  instruction  in  our 
public  schools,  wise  counsel  in  our  city  government.  May 
our  people  keep  in  mind  the  virtues  of  their  fathers,  and  in 
times  of  prosperity  may  they  be  kept  from  luxury  and  extrav- 
agance. Teach  us  the  blessedness  of  Christian  self-denial  in 
doing  good ;  and  may  the  men  of  the  future  whose  homes 
shall  adorn  these  hills  and  slopes,  our  children  and  our  chil- 
dren's children,  to  the  latest  generation,  find  in  their  own 
blessed  experience  that  happy  is  that  people  whose  God  is 
the  Lord. 

Hear  Thou  our  prayer  offered  in  the  name  of  Him  who  has 
taught  us  to  pray,  saying  (the  audience  all  joining),  Our 
Father,  who  art  in  heaven,  Hallowed  be  thy  name.  Thy 
kingdom  come.  Thy  will  be  done  in  earth,  as  it  is  in 
heaven.  Give  us  this  day  our  daily  bread.  And  forgive  us 
our  debts,  as  we  forgive  our  debtors.  And  lead  us  not  into 
temptation,  but  deliver  us  from  evil.  For  thine  is  the  king- 
dom, and  the  power,  and  the  glory,  forever.     Amen. 


INTRODUCTORY  ADDRESS   BY   HIS  HONOR 
MAYOR  J.  WESLEY   KIMBALL 


We  have  convened  to-day  to  celebrate  an  interesting  and 
important  event  in  the  history  of  Newton, —  the  two  hun- 
dredth anniversary  of  its  incorporation  as  a  town.  It  is 
appropriate  that  we  should  assemble  to  review  its  history 
and  to  consider  its  present  condition,  and  from  the  past  and 
the  present  to  judge  what  may  be  its  future.  It  will  be  in- 
teresting and  instructive  to  trace  the  history  and  progress 
of  the  town  for  the  two  centuries  ;  to  observe  its  growth  and 
development  from  a  sparsely  settled  town,  possessed  of  only 
moderate  means,  to  a  populous,  substantial,  and  wealthy 
city ;  to  note  the  many  difficulties  in  both  public  and  private 
affairs  that  were  encountered  by  our  fathers,  the  hardships 
endured,  the  sacrifices  made,  and  the  grand  successes  ulti- 
mately achieved. 

The  successes  were  won  under  adverse  and  discouraging 
circumstances.  They  were  attained  by  ceaseless  industry, 
the  exercise  of  sound  judgment,  undaunted  courage,  and 
fidelity  to  the  unalterable  principles  of  equity  and  justice. 

The  fundamental  principle  of  action  which  guided  those 
who  administered  and  co-operated  in  public  affairs  was  to 
secure  a  government  that  would  not  only  command  obe- 
dience to  law,  but  would  also  bestow  the  greatest  good 
equally  on  all ;  one  that  would  be  worthy  of  the  support  of 
an  intelligent  and  liberty-loving  people. 

Conforming  to  this  idea,  and  appreciating  the  value  of 
order  and  intelligence,  the  church  was  founded,  so  that  re- 
ligious and  moral  truths  might  be  disseminated.  The  public 
school  was  established,  that  the  youth  of  the  land  might  so 


t6  TWO  HUNDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY— NEWTON 

be  taught  that  they  could  skilfully  engage  in  the  various 
pursuits  of  life  and  understandingly  perform  the  duties  of 
citizens,  that  they  might  attain  to  the  privileges  and  respon- 
sibilities and  be  eligible  to  the  honors  which  may  be  con- 
ferred upon  loyal  American  citizens. 

Time  has  not  changed  the  principle  nor  lessened  the  vigi- 
lance necessary  to  insure  a  permanent  and  good  government 
and  the  peace  and  prosperity  of  a  free  people. 

The  exercise  of  constant  care,  the  enactment  of  wise  laws, 
and  a  liberal  provision  for  general  education  are  required 
now  as  then. 

Let  us  pay  our  tribute  of  respect  and  regard  to  those  who 
so  long  ago  laid  the  foundation  of  our  liberties  and  pros- 
perity, who  were  devoted  to  the  welfare  of  mankind,  and 
whose  lives  were  ennobled  by  heroic  deeds. 

They  have  long  since  passed  away :  and  now  in  the  rest- 
ing-places of  the  dead  sleep  those  who  so  actively  and 
grandly  performed  the  important  and  trying  duties  of  their 
time.  When  we  read  their  names  inscribed  upon  the  tab- 
lets erected  to  their  memory,  let  us  but  speak  their  praises, 
and  be  thankful  for  the  blessings  they  have  bequeathed 
to  us. 

Nature,  I  think,  has  been  partial  to  Newton  in  beauty  and 
healthfulness  of  location.  The  diversified  and  charming 
scenery,  the  wooded  hills,  the  picturesque  valleys,  the  salu- 
brious air,  and  the  clear  and  sparkling  waters  of  its  lakes  and 
murmuring  brooks  give  it  especial  attractiveness  to  those 
who  admire  the  beautiful  in  nature,  and  appreciate  health 
and  the  strength  and  enjoyments  derived  from  it. 

Newton  has  now  become  large  and  prosperous,  and  holds 
an  honorable  place  among  the  cities  and  towns  of  the  Com- 
monwealth. A  liberal  provision  is  made  to  supply  the  best 
means  for  the  protection  and  safety  of  our  people,  and  care 
is  taken  to  suitably  provide  for  their  education,  comfort,  and 
convenience. 

The  rapid  and  substantial  growth  of  the  city,  the  increase 
in  population  and  in  the  number  of  buildings,  are  evidences 


ADDRESS-— MAYOR  KIM  HALL  >Yj 

that  the  policy  which  has  been  pursued  was  wise  and  bene- 
ficial, and  that  it  has  been  generally  approved. 

We  are  surrounded  by  cities  and  towns  of  historic  in- 
terest, having  universities  and  schools  of  learning,  and  a 
great  variety  of  enterprises  and  industries.  We  are  so  near 
the  metropolis  of  New  England,  one  of  the  finest  cities  in 
the  country,  and  access  to  it  is  so  easy  and  rapid,  that  those 
whose  interests  attach  them  there  find  it  equally  convenient 
and  comfortable  to  have  their  residences  here. 

Judging  from  the  past  and  present,  and  taking  into  con- 
sideration the  natural  advantages  of  location  and  the  enter- 
prise, wealth,  and  culture  of  our  citizens,  it  may  safely  be 
predicted  that  the  future  of  Newton  is  destined  to  be  one  of 
marked  growth  and  prosperity,  and  that  the  many  villages 
which  at  present  are  somewhat  separated  from  each  other 
will  become  united,  making  a  compact,  beautiful,  and  great 
city. 


ADDRESS  OF  HIS  EXCELLENCY,  OLIVER  AMES, 
GOVERNOR  OF  THE  COMMONWEALTH.* 


Ladies  and  Gentlemen, —  To-day  you  mark  in  this  public 
manner  the  completion  of  two  hundred  years  of  growth  as 
a  separate  civic  organization.  It  is  a  pleasant  and  profitable 
custom  to  observe  these  anniversaries,  and  no  enterprising 
Massachusetts  city  or  town  allows  them  to  pass  without 
fitting  notice.  Such  commemorations  as  this  are  great 
teachers,  putting  in  compact  form  the  history  of  the  past  for 
the  better  instruction  of  the  future. 

Now  that  this  republic  has  sixty-five  millions  of  people 
within  its  borders,  a  vast  amount  of  wealth  and  mighty  mate- 
rial development,  it  is  difficult  for  us  to  estimate  rightly  the 
sacrifices  and  sufferings  of  the  days  when  those  who  dwelt 
here  formed  not  even  a  town,  but  simply  a  settlement  in  the 
wilderness,  cut  off  from  European  civilization  by  the  ocean, 
and  confronted  by  boundless  forests  and  waste  places. 

I  shall  not  attempt  to  review  the  history  of  this  city,  but 
I  cannot  omit  saying  something  of  its  past.  We  know  that 
it  was  settled  early  in  the  history  of  this  part  of  our  land, 
although  it  did  not  take  a  corporate  name  until  nearly  three- 
quarters  of  a  century  had  elapsed  from  the  landing  of  the 
Pilgrims.  We  know  that  it  has  ever  been  ready  to  meet 
any  demands  made  upon  it  for  the  common  good.  In  the 
days  of  our  beginning  as  a  nation,  it  did  its  part  in  promot- 
ing the  general  cause.  In  all  our  subsequent  struggles  for 
existence  or  for  integrity  as  a  nation,  it  has  borne  its  part. 

'  The  governor  was  accompanied  by  the  following  members  of  his  staff,  in  uniform  :  Major- 
General  Samuel  Dalton,  Adjutant-General ;  Colonel  Albert  L.  Newman,  aide-de-camp  ;  Colonel 
Augustus  N.  Sampson,  Assistant  Inspector-General;  Colonel  Charles  Wiel,  Assistant  Adjutant- 
General. 


.  I DDRESS  —  GO  I  rERN(  >A'  .  IME  S  l  g 

Through  the  changed  conditions  that  have  grown  out  of 
the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  the  extension  of  the  railroad  sys- 
tem, and  the  development  of  our  industries,  Newton  has 
grown  rapidly,  but  with  a  permanent  growth.  She  is  one 
of  the  most  beautiful,  as  well  as  one  of  the  most  thrivine- 
of  the  cities  of  the  Commonwealth.  As  she  has  been  in 
the  past,  she  is  now  a  community  upon  which  reliance  to  do 
what  is  right,  prudent,  and  just  may  be  placed.  In  other 
words,  she  is  a  typical  New  England  community.  I  but 
voice  the  sentiment  of  all  her  people  in  saying  that  Massa- 
chusetts is  justly  proud  of  the  city  of  Newton. 

This  ends  my  official  speech.  But  I  will  say  a  few  words 
more  to  you,  in  strict  confidence,  not  to  be  repeated  out  of 
this  hall.  I  have  discovered  that  there  is  a  feeling  of  jeal- 
ousy toward  Newton  all  over  the  Commonwealth.  It  is  not 
a  malicious  jealousy,  but  rather  a  jealousy  of  admiration. 
You  have  made  your  city  so  beautiful,  you  have  constructed 
such  fine  roads,  you  have  built  such  beautiful  homes,  your 
citizens  are  so  highly  cultured,  that  Newton  has  come  to  be 
regarded  as  the  model  municipality  of  the  Commonwealth. 

This  is  the  testimony  of  many  of  the  judges  of  the 
Supreme  and  Superior  Courts.  These  justices  are  appointed, 
first  of  all,  because  they  are  men  of  sound  judgment,  because 
they  are  intelligent,  because  they  are  cultured,  and  because 
they  know  something  of  law.  Often,  after  their  appoint- 
ment, as  a  matter  of  convenience,  they  seek  new  homes. 
Of  course,  they  want  the  best.  They  investigate  for  them- 
selves, and  almost  invariably  they  select  Newton  as  the  place 
of  their  new  and  permanent  abode.  This  has  so  far  become 
the  rule  that  every  new  judge,  who  feels  obliged  to  leave 
his  old  home,  is  expected  to  settle  in  Newton. 

So,  when  a  governor  is  called  upon  to  name  a  judge,  he 
will  say  to  the  friends  of  the  candidate:  "Do  you  desire  him 
to  leave  your  town,  your  county  ?  Do  you  not  know  that,  if 
I  appoint  him,  he  will  surely  move  to  Newton  ? "  My 
advice  to  you  is,  Go  on,  and  make  your  city  as  beautiful  and 
as  attractive  as  possible.  If  you  continue  to  develop  it,  as 
you  have, —  and  I  have  no  doubt  that  you  will  do  so, —  I  shall 
almost  feel  like  coming  here  to  live  myself. 


ADDRESS  OF  HON.  JAMES  F.  C.  HYDE, 
FIRST  MAYOR  OF  NEWTON. 


It  is  fair  to  presume  that  all  present  know  more  or  less  of 
the  history  of  their  native  or  adopted  town.  In  the  brief 
time  allotted  me  only  a  few  facts  can  be  touched  upon,  the 
suggestion  of  which  may  lead  some  to  further  study  of  the 
history  of  Newton.  Might  it  not  be  profitable  for  the  schol- 
ars in  our  schools  to  devote  some  attention  to  this  history, 
so  that  they  may  become  more  familiar  with  the  lives  and 
characters  of  those  who  laid  the  foundations  upon  which  we 
are  building,  and  from  whose  planting  we  are  reaping  such 
rich  fruits? 

It  is  said  by  the  historian  that  the  settlement  of  Newtown 
—  Cambridge — began  in  1631.  Its  records  commenced 
1632;  proprietors'  records,  1635.  Cambridge,  or  Newtown, 
embraced  a  very  large  territory,  which  was  subsequently  en- 
larged by  additional  grants.  In  1635  the  General  Court 
granted  to  Newtown  land  embracing  the  territory  of  what 
has  since  been  Brookline,  Brighton,  and  Newton,  though 
that  portion  that  is  now  Brookline  was  afterwards  set  off  to 
Boston,  where  it  remained  many  years,  until  it  again  became 
Brookline. 

In  1636,  six  years  after  the  settlement  of  Boston,  the  Gen- 
eral Court  voted  ^400  for  a  school,  or  college,  and  the  next 
year  this  school  or  college  was  located,  by  order  of  the  same 
authority,  at  Newtown, —  Cambridge.  In  1638  Rev.  John 
Harvard  added  ^800  to  the  amount  appropriated  by  the 
General  Court,  and  his  name  was  given  to  the  college.  In 
1638  it  was  ordered  that  Newtown  be  called  Cambridge,  "  in 
compliment  to  the  place  where  so  many  of  the  civil  and 
clerical  fathers  of  New  England  had  been  educated." 


ADDRESS—  //OX.  JAMES  F.    C.   /IYDE  2I 

The  territory  south  of  Charles  River,  embracing  what  was 
Brighton  and  Newton,  was  first  called  "  the  south  side  of 
Charles  River,"  or  the  "  South  Side  "  ;  sometimes  Nonan- 
tum,  the  Indian  name.  About  1654  it  began  to  be  called 
"Cambridge  Village,"  and,  later,  "New  Cambridge,"  and  by 
authority  of  the  General  Court,  "  Newtown,"  after  1691  ; 
thus  taking,  after  the  lapse  of  years,  the  name  of  the  old 
town  of  which  this  territory  once  formed  a  rather  small  part. 

For  the  first  ten  years,  only  seven  families  had  settled  on 
this  territory  ;  and  of  these  seven  two  were  Jacksons  (the 
first  settler  in  1639  was  John  Jackson),  two  were  Hydes,  one 
Fuller,  a  Park,  and  a  Prentice.  All  these,  with  one  excep- 
tion, came  direct  from  England.  After  these  followed  Par- 
kers, Hammonds,  Wards,  Kenricks,  Trovvbridges,  Bacons, 
Stones,  and  others,  whose  descendants  are  represented  here 
to-day. 

During  the  first  twenty-five  years  from  the  time  the  first 
settler  found  a  home  south  of  the  river,  in  what  is  now  called 
Newton,  twenty  families  had  come  in  and  located.  In  1664 
there  were  twelve  young  men  of  the  second  generation. 

From  the  first  settlement  to  the  date  of  incorporation,  a 
period  of  forty-nine  years,  fifty  families  had  settled  on  this 
territory.  Dr.  Smith  says  :  "The  number  oi  freemen  within 
the  limits  of  the  town  in  1688  was  about  sixty-five."  Author- 
ities differ  as  to  the  exact  area  of  this  part  of  Newtown.  "  In 
1798,"  according  to  Homer,  "it  was  reckoned  to  embrace 
12,940  acres,  including  ponds."  Another  writer  says  that 
"in   183 1  the  town  contained   14,513  acres." 

In  1838  eighteen  hundred  acres  of  this  were  set  off  to 
Roxbury,  and  are  now  a  part  of  Boston.  In  1847  six  hun- 
dred and  forty  acres  were  set  off  to  the  now  city  of  Walt  ham, 
being  that  part  of  Waltham  south  of  the  river,  and  a  few 
years  ago  a  small  portion  near  Chestnut  Hill  Reservoir  was 
set  to  Boston,  leaving,  according  to  one  estimate,  10,50a 
acres  as  the  present  area  of  Newton  ;  or,  by  the  other,  12,073 
acres ;  or,  if  we  add  the  two  estimates  together  as  given,  and 
divide  by  two, —  as  modern  juries  do  nowadays  when  they 


22  TWO  HUNDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY— NEWTON 

want  to  arrive  at  a  verdict, —  we  shall  find  11,286  acres, 
which  is  probably  near  the  fact. 

The  inhabitants  of  Cambridge  Village  knew  what  they 
wanted,  and,  knowing,  sought  to  carry  their  point.  During 
the  last  of  the  year  1654  or  first  of  1655,  they  took  the  first 
step  toward  gaining  their  independence,  at  which  time 
they  began  to  hold  religious  meetings  for  public  worship  in 
Cambridge  Village,  in  the  territory  now  Newton.  They 
asked  to  be  released  from  paying  rates  to  the  church  at 
Cambridge,  on  the  ground  that  they  were  to  establish  the 
ordinances  of  Christ  among  themselves,  and  distinct  from 
the  old  town.  The  selectmen  of  Cambridge  strongly  op- 
posed this  division,  and  declared  that  there  was  no  sufficient 
reason  for  such  separation,  and  also,  to  quote  their  own 
words,  "We  hope  it  is  not  the  desire  of  our  brethren  so  to 
accommodate  themselves  by  a  division  as  thereby  utterly  to 
disenable  and  undo  the  Church  of  Christ  with  whom  they 
have  made  so  solemn  an  engagement  in  the  Lord,  which  is 
apparent  to  us  will  be  the  effect  thereof." 

This  was  the  beginning  of  a  struggle  for  independence 
that  lasted  thirty-three  or  four  years,  and  ended  by  the  com- 
plete separation  from  the  mother  town.  Let  us  follow  this 
contest,  step  by  step,  until  its  consummation. 

In  1656  the  people  of  Cambridge  Village,  having  been 
denied  their  request  the  year  before,  appealed  to  the  "  Great 
and  General  Court  to  be  released  from  paying  rates  for  the 
support  of  the  ministry  at  Cambridge  Church." 

Of  course  the  old  town  remonstrated,  and  the  village 
people  were  given  leave  to  withdraw,  silenced  for  the  time. 
They  were  not  the  men,  however,  to  submit  to  what  they 
believed  to  be  an  injustice,  but  quietly  bided  their  time. 
Five  years  after,  they  presented  another  petition  to  the  Gen- 
eral Court,  asking  for  the  same  thing. 

They  had  been  holding  meetings  for  public  worship  for 
four  or  five  years  in  a  large  room  in  a  private  house,  and 
the  year  before  this  petition  was  presented  (1660)  had  built 
the  first  meeting-house,  which  fact  no  doubt  had  its  influence  ; 


ADDRESS— HON.  JAMES  /■'.    C.   HYDE  o-, 

and  so  in  1661  the  Court  granted  them  "  freedom  from  all 
church  rates  for  the  support  of  the  ministry  in  Cambridge 
and  for  all  lands  and  estates  which  were  more  than  four 
miles  from  Cambridge  meeting-house — the  measure  to  be 
in  the  usual  paths  that  may  be  ordinarily  passed  —  so  long 
as  the  south  side  of  the  river  shall  maintain  an  able  minis- 
try." 

The  year  following  the  granting  of  this  request,  the  line 
was  so  run  and  the  bounds  so  settled  between  Cambridge 
and  Cambridge  Village  as  to  settle  the  matter  of  ministerial 
support,  and  also  to  establish  substantially  what  afterwards 
became  the  line  between  Brighton  and  Newton.  These 
people  had  gained  this  point,  and  started  a  movement  that 
was  only  to  end  with  their  entire  emancipation  from  Cam- 
bridge. The  first  meeting-house  was  built  in  1660  or  61,  and 
located  on  Centre  Street,  opposite  the  Colby  estate  ;  and  in 
July,  1664,  when  there  were  but  twenty-two  land-owners  in 
the  village,  the  first  church  was  organized,  and  the  Rev. 
John  Eliot,  Jr.,  son  of  the  apostle  to  the  Indians,  ordained 
as  its  pastor.  And  this  consummated  the  ecclesiastical, 
though  not  the  civil,  separation  of  Cambridge  Village  from 
Cambridge. 

The  congregation  of  this  church  was  composed  of  about 
thirty  families,  with  about  eighty  members  in  the  church, 
forty  of  each  sex. 

Our  sturdy  ancestors  were  not  yet  satisfied  ;  and  so,  in 
1672,  they  again  petitioned  the  General  Court  to  set  them 
off,  and  make  them  a  town  by  themselves.  In  answer  to 
this  request,  the  Court  in  1673  declared  "that  the  Court 
doth  judge  meet  to  grant  to  the  inhabitants  of  said  village 
annually  to  elect  one  constable,  and  three  selectmen,  dwell- 
ing among  themselves,  to  order  the  prudential  affairs  of  the 
inhabitants  there  according  to  law  ;  only  continuing  a  part 
of  Cambridge  in  paying  County  and  Country  rates,  as  also 
Town  rates,  so  far  as  refers  to  the  grammar  school,  bridge 
over  the  Charles  River,  and  their  proportion  of  the  charges 
of  the  deputies." 


24 


TWO  HI  WPRED  TH  ANNJVERSAR  V—  NE  WTON 


This  action  of  the  Court  they  refused  to  accept  and  act 
under,  by  which  they  would  merely  have  become  a  precinct, 
though  this  was  quite  a  step  in  advance  ;  for  previous  to  this 
time  the  residents  of  the  village  had  been  permitted  to  hold 
few  official  positions. 

At  the  session  of  the  General  Court  commencing  May  8, 
1678,  a  lengthy  petition  was  drawn  up  and  signed  by  fifty- 
two  freemen,  setting  forth  many  facts  and  humbly  praying 
that  they  might  be  granted  their  freedom  from  Cambridge, 
and  that  they  might  receive  a  name,  thus  becoming  a  sepa- 
rate town.  Cambridge  remonstrated  by  their  selectmen  in 
quite  severe  terms.  It  declared  that  the  petitioners  "do  not 
say  words  of  truth." 

"They  knew  beforehand  the  distance  of  their  dwellings 
from  Cambridge,  yet  this  did  not  obstruct  them  in  their 
settlements  there,  but  before  they  were  well  warm  in  their 
nests  they  must  divide  from  the  town." 

Alluding  to  what  they  had  already  been  granted,  and  their 
repeated  efforts  to  get  free  from  the  old  town,  they  say : 
"  All  this,  notwithstanding  these  long-breathed  petitioners 
finding  that  they  had  such  good  success  that  they  could 
never  cast  their  lines  into  the  sea  but  something  was 
catched,  they  resolved  to  bait  their  hook  again."  They 
accused  the  freemen  of  the  village  of  causing  the  old  town 
"  to  dance  after  their  pipes,  from  time  to  time,  for  twenty- 
four  years,  as  will  appear  by  the  Court's  record." 

And  again,  to  use  their  words :  "  He  is  a  murderer  if  he 
takes  away  that  whereby  his  father  or  mother  lives,  and  this 
we  apprehend  not  to  be  far  unlike  the  case  now  before  this 
honored  Court."  They  go  on  to  say  further :  "All  parties 
of  this  nature  are  condemned  by  the  light  of   nature." 

"  They  who  had  grants  from  the  heathen  idolaters  did  not 
account  it  just  that  they  should  be  dispossed  by  others  ;  and 
idolatrous  Ahab,  although  he  was  a  king,  and  a  very  wicked 
king  also,  and  wanted  not  power  to  effect  what  he  desired, 
and  was  so  burthened  for  the  want  of  Naboth's  vineyard 
that  he  would  neither  eat  nor  sleep,  and  when  denied  by  his 


ADDRESS  —  //OX.  JAMES  E.    C.    //YDE 


25 


own  subjects,  tendered  a  full  price  for  the  same;  yet  he  had 
so  much  conscience  left  that  he  did  not  dare  seize  the  same 
presently,  as  the  petitioners  would  be,  so  great  a  part  of  our 
possession  as  this,  were  it  now  in  their  power." 

They  still  further  say  that  "those  who  live  in  town  — 
Cambridge  —  are  put  to  hire  grass  for  their  cattle  to  feed 
upon  in  the  summer  time,  which  costs  them  at  least  twelve 
or  fifteen  shillings  a  head,  in  money,  for  one  cow,  the 
summer  feed :  and  corn  land  they  have  not  sufficient  to  find 
the  town  with  bread." 

"  Cambridge  is  not  a  town  of  trade  or  merchandise  as  the 
seaport  towns  be,  but  what  they  do  must  be  in  a  way  of 
husbandry  ;  they  having  no  other  way  of  supply." 

"We  must  be  no  town  nor  have  no  Church  of  Christ  nor 
ministry  among  us,  in  case  we  be  clipped  and  mangled  as 
the  petitioners  would  have." 

Notwithstanding  all  this  and  much  more  of  similar  tenor, 
the  General  Court  granted  to  Cambridge  Village  the  right  to 
choose  selectmen  and  a  constable  and  to  manage  the  "mu- 
nicipal affairs  of  the  village,"  substantially  the  same  privi- 
leges that  had  before  been  granted  in  1673,  but  which  the 
village  had  never  accepted.  Dr.  Smith  says  :  "  This  was  an 
important  but  not  full  concession  on  the  part  of  the  Court ; 
but  the  people  had  to  wait  nearly  ten  years  more  before  they 
fully  attained  the  object  of  their  desire.  The  attitude  of  the 
settlers  in  Cambridge  Village  was  one  of  persistent  deter- 
mination ;  and,  as  if  foreshadowing  in  those  early  days  the 
spirit  of  the  Revolution  which  occurred  a  century  later,  they 
stood  firm  in  their  resistance  of  everything  which  in  their 
judgment  savored  of  oppression." 

Jackson  says,  "  The  first  entry  upon  the  new  town  book  of 
Cambridge  Village  records  the  doings  of  the  first  town  meet- 
ing, held  June  27,  1679,  by  virtue  of  an  order  of  the  General 
Court,"  at  which  meeting  three  selectmen  and  one  constable 
were  chosen,  thus  doing  what  they  were  authorized  to  do  in 
1673.  There  is  no  record  of  another  town  meeting  until 
Jan.  30,  168 1. 


26  TWO  HUNDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY— NEWTON 

It  appears  by  articles  of  agreement  made  as  late  as  Sept. 
17,  16SS,  between  the  selectmen  of  Cambridge  and  the 
selectmen  of  the  village,  in  behalf  of  their  respective  towns, 
referring  to  differences  that  have  arisen  as  to  charges  for 
bridges,  schools,  the  laying  of  rates,  and  some  other  things 
of  a  public  nature,  "  that  for  the  end  above  said  the  village 
shall  pay  to  the  town  of  Cambridge  the  sum  of  £5  in 
merchantable  corn,  at  or  before  the  first  day  of  May  next 
ensuing  the  date  above,  in  full  satisfaction  of  all  dues  and 
demands  by  the  said  town  from  the  said  village,  on  the 
account  above  said,  from  the  beginning  of  the  world  to  the 
nth  of  January,  1688,  by  the  present  style  of  reckoning." 

This  brings  us  near  the  time  when  Cambridge  Village 
was  incorporated,  as  claimed  by  historians  who  have  written 
later  than  Jackson. 

We  find  in  the  records  of  the  village  that  in  1686  "a  com- 
mittee was  chosen  to  treat  with  Cambridge  about  our  free- 
dom from  their  town."  It  is  undoubtedly  true  that  Cam- 
bridge Village,  in  a  large  degree,  became  independent  of  the 
mother  town  in  the  year  1679,  when,  Jackson  says,  the 
town  was  incorporated ;  for  they  did  from  that  time  control 
the  prudential  affairs  of  the  village ;  but  it  is  equally  true 
that  they  were  taxed  together  for  several  years  after,  for 
State  and  county  and  for  some  other  purposes.  It  is  cer- 
tain that  they  were  not  allowed  to  send  a  deputy  to  the 
General  Court  until  1688,  when  the  separation  was  fully  con- 
summated. The  records  of  Cambridge — the  old  town  — 
show  that  constables  were  elected  for  the  village  after  1679, 
every  year  until  1688,  but  none  for  the  village  after  the  latter 
date.  Paige's  recent  History  of  Cambridge  seems  to  entirely 
clear  all  doubts  as  to  the  true  date  of  the  incorporation  of 
Newton. 

He  was  fortunate  enough  to  find  two  documents  which 
probably  Mr.  Jackson  never  saw.  "  One  is  an  order  of 
notice  preserved  in  the  Massachusetts  archives,"  of  which 
the  following  is  a  copy :  — 

"  To  the  constables  of  the  town  of  Cambridge,  or  either 


ADDRESS— I/OX.  JAMES  F.   C.   H\ 


27 


of  them  ;  you  are  hereby  required  to  give  notice  to  the  inhab- 
itants of  said  town  that  they  or  some  of  them,  be  and  appear 
before  his  Excellency  in  Council,  on  Wednesday,  being  the 
nth  of  this  inst.  to  show  cause  why  Cambridge  Village  may 
not  be  declared  a  place  distinct  by  itself,  and  not  longer  a 
part  of  said  town  as  hath  been  formerly  petitioned  for  and 
now  desired :  and  thereof  to  make  due  return.  Dated  at 
Boston  the  6th  day  of  January  in  the  third  year  of  his  Maj- 
esty's reign  a.d.  1687  By  order  &c  J.  West,  D.  sec'y." 

"  What  was  the  result  of  this  process  does  not  appear  of 
record  ;  for  the  records  of  the  council,  during  the  administra- 
tion of  Andros,  were  carried  away.  Fortunately,  however, 
a  certified  copy  of  the  order,  which  is  equivalent  to  an  act 
of  incorporation,  is  on  file  in  the  office  of  the  clerk  of  the 
Judicial  Courts  in  Middlesex  County." 

At  a  council  held  in  Boston  Jan.  11,  1687,  present  his 
Excellency,  Sir  Edmund  Andros,  and  seven  councillors, 
an  order  was  issued  a  part  of  which  we  give:  "Upon  the 
reading  this  day  in  the  Council  the  petition  of  the  inhabitants 
of  Cambridge  Village,  being  sixty  families  or  upwards,  that 
they  may  be  a  place  distinct  by  themselves  and  freed  from 
the  town  of  Cambridge,  to  which  at  the  first  settlement  they 
were  annexed,  they  being  in  every  respect  capable  thereof," 
it  was  "ordered  that  the  said  village  from  henceforth  be  and 
is  hereby  declared  a  distinct  village  and  place  of  itself, 
wholly  freed  and  separated  from  the  town  of  Cambridge,  and 
from  all  future  rates,  payments,  or  duties  to  them  whatso- 
ever." The  order  further  provided  how  Cambridge  bridge 
should  be  supported. 

This  order  was  signed  John  West,  deputy  secretary. 

Then  followed,  "This  is  a  true  copy  taken  out  of  the 
original,  4th  day  of  December,  1688  :  as  attests:  Laur.  Ham- 
mond, Clerk."  Dr.  Paige  adds  :  "There  remains  no  reasona- 
ble doubt  that  the  village  was  released  from  ecclesiastical 
dependence  on  Cambridge,  and  obligation  to  share  in  the 
expenses  of  religious  worship  1661,  became  a  precinct  in 
1673,  received   the  name  of  Newtown,  in  December,  1691, 


2S  TWO  HUNDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY— NEWTON 

and  was  declared  to  be  a  distinct  village  and  place  of  itself, 
or,  in  other  words,  was  incorporated  as  a  separate  and  dis- 
tinct town  by  the  order  passed  Jan.  n,  1687-8,  old  style, 
or  Jan.  n,  1688,  according  to  the  present  style  of  reck- 
oning." 

It  seems  very  strange  that  such  an  error  should  occur 
and  be  perpetuated  for  nearly  two  centuries,  the  town  even 
adopting  it  and  putting  it  upon  its  seal,  where  it  remained 
for  six  years. 

After  Cambridge  Village  was  set  off  or  incorporated,  it 
was  sometimes  called  New  Cambridge,  until  1691,  when,  in 
answer  to  a  petition  to  the  General  Court,  it  was  called 
Newtown,  and  the  name  was  variously  spelled,  New-Town, 
Newtown,  Newtowne,  and  Newton  in  the  records,  until  1766, 
when  Judge  Fuller  became  town  clerk,  and  spelled  it  in  the 
town  records  "  Newton "  ;  and  Newton  it  has  been  ever 
since.  We  have  devoted  much  time  and  space  to  establish- 
ing the  facts  concerning  the  incorporation  of  Newton,  be- 
cause Mr.  Jackson  in  his  history  published,  in  1854,  gives  the 
date  as  1679,  which  has  since  been  shown  to  be  incorrect, 
both  by  Dr.  Paige  and  Dr.  Smith.  After  a  careful  exami- 
nation of  the  facts  we  are  fully  satisfied  that  they  have  fixed 
upon  the  true  date. 

At  this  time  ten  of  the  first  settlers  had  passed  away. 

Sixty  families  were  dwelling  within  the  limits  of  the  town. 
We  give  a  few  brief  items  relating  to  the  people  living  on 
these  broad  acres  from  1639  onward. 

In   1643  six  acres  of  land  were  conveyed  on  payment  of 

£S- 

In  1645  "there  were  in  all  of  Cambridge  135  ratable 
persons,  90  horses,  208  cows,  131  oxen,  229  young  cattle,  20 
horses,  37  sheep,  62  swine,  and  58  goats." 

"In  1647  the  town  bargained  with  Waban,  the  Indian 
chief  and  first  convert  to  Christianity,  to  keep  six  score 
head  of  dry  cattle  on  the  south  side  of  Charles  River." 

"  1656,  persons  appointed  by  the  Selectmen  to  execute 
order  of  General  Court  for  the  improvement  of  all  families 
within'  the  town  in  spinning  and  manufacturing  clothes." 


ADDRESS  —  I/O  A:  JAMES  F.   C.   HYDE  2Q 

In  1650  wild  land  sold  for  one  dollar  and  a  quarter  per 
acre. 

1676,  town  meeting  called  to  consider  the  matter  of  forti- 
fying the  town  against  Indians. 

In  169 1  first  couple  married  in  Newton  after  it  was  incor- 
porated. 

1693,  town  paid  20s.  for  killing  three  wolves. 

The  two  following  years  paid  a  bounty  for  killing  wolves. 

1699,  voted  to  build  a  school-house  14  x  16  feet. 

1700,  hired  a  schoolmaster  at  five  shillings  per  day. 
1707,  paid  twelve  pence  per  dozen  for  heads  of  blackbirds. 

Voted  to  choose  two  persons  to  sec  that  hogs  were  yoked 
and  ringed  according  to  law. 

171 1,  voted  to  have  collections  taken  up  Thanksgiving 
Days  for  the  poor. 

1717,  vote  passed  to  prevent  the  destruction  of  deer. 
Same  in   1741. 

1796,  voted  to  have  a  stove  to  warm  the  meeting-house. 
The  same  year,  voted  that  the  deacons  have  liberty  to  sit  out 
of  the  deacons'  seat. 

1800,  voted  to  disannul  the  ancient  mode  of  seating  parish- 
ioners in  the  meeting-house. 

In  1646  Rev.  John  Eliot  first  attempted  to  Christianize 
the  Indians  at  Nonanetum,  or  Nonantum,  where  a  company 
of  them  were  located  on  land  that  had  been  bought  by  the 
General  Court  of  the  white  owners  and  set  apart  for  the  use 
of  the  Indians.  This  tract  of  high  land  was  considerably 
improved  by  them  by  the  building  of  wigwams,  walls,  and 
ditches  about  the  same,  and  the  planting  later  of  fruit-trees. 

By  advice  of  Mr.  Eliot,  tools  and  implements  were  sup- 
plied, as  well  as  money  to  enable  them  to  develop  and  im- 
prove their  village.     Homer  says  :  — 

"The  women  of  Nonantum  soon  learned  to  spin  and  to  col- 
lect articles  for  sale  at  the  market  through  the  year.  In 
winter  the  Indians  sold  brooms,  staves,  baskets  made  from 
the  neighboring  woods  and  swamps,  and  turkeys  raised  by 
themselves ;  in  the  spring,  cranberries,  strawberries,  and  fish 


30  TWO  HUNDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY—  NEWTON 

from  Charles  River;  in  the  summer,  whortleberries,  grapes, 
and  fish.  Several  of  them  worked  with  the  English  in  the 
vicinity  in  hay-time  and  harvest." 

The  author  of  "  Nonantum  and  Natick  "  says  :  "Here  at 
Nonantum  Hill  was  begun  the  first  civilized  and  Christian 
settlement  of  Indians  in  the  English  North  American  colo- 
nies. This  was  the  seat  of  the  first  Protestant  mission  to 
the  heathen,  and  here  Mr.  Eliot  preached  the  first  Protes- 
tant sermon  in  a  pagan  tongue." 

This  was  preached  in  the  large  wigwam  of  Waanton,  or 
Waban,  where  a  considerable  number  of  Indians  were  as- 
sembled to  hear  this  first  sermon,  which  occupied  over  an 
hour  in  its  delivery.  The  text  was  from  Ezekiel  xxxvii. 
9,  10. 

This  Waban  —  whose  name  signified  "wind,"  or  "spirit" 
—  was  the  chief  man  of  this  Indian  village,  and  was  called  a 
"merchant."  He  seems  to  have  been  the  man  of  business. 
"  Perhaps  he  went  to  Boston  sometimes  to  sell  venison  and 
other  game  which  he  had  either  taken  himself  or  bought 
from  other  Indians."  He  was  the  first  convert  to  Christian- 
ity, and  lived  a  consistent  life,  dying  in  1674,  aged  seventy 
years. 

Newton  thus  enjoys  the  rare  honor  of  having  within  its 
borders  the  spot  made  sacred  by  the  labors  of  the  apostle 
Eliot,  whose  saintly  life  and  heroic  service  in  the  cause  of 
the  Master  resulted  in  the  civilization  and  Christianization 
of  many  of  these  sons  of  the  forest.  These  Nonantum 
Indians  seem  to  have  been  pretty  bright  and  keen  heathen, 
judging  from  some  of  the  questions  they  put  to  the  white 
men,  a  few  of  which  are  here  given.  One  woman  in- 
quired "whether  she  prayed  when  she  only  joined  with 
her  husband  in  his  prayer  to  God  Almighty."  Another 
inquired  "  whether  her  husband's  prayer  signified  anything 
if  he  continued  to  be  angry  with  her  and  to  beat  her." 
Another  asked  "  how  the  English  came  to  differ  so  much 
from  the  Indians  in  their  knowledge  of  God  and  Jesus  Christ, 
since  they  had  all  at  first  but  one  Father"  ;  another,  "how 


ADDRESS —HON.  JAMES  F.    C.   HYDE  3I 

it  came  to  pass  that  sea  water  was  salt  and  river  water 
fresh." 

The  people  of  Newton  from  the  very  first  took  great  in- 
terest in  military  affairs.  The  men  of  Newton  took  a  prom- 
inent part  in  all  the  Indian  wars.  They  were  in  King 
Philip's  and  subsequent  wars  with  the  Indians,  as  well  as  in 
the  old  French  and  Indian  War.  Some  lives  were  lost  in 
this  service,  among  them  Colonel  Ephraim  Williams,  the 
founder  of  Williams  College.  He  was  shot  in  the  mem- 
orable battle  fought  with  the  French  and  Indians  near  Lake 
George,  in  September,  1755. 

Of  the  part  taken  in  the  War  of  the  Revolution  by  the 
inhabitants  of  this  town,  it  has  been  well  said  that,  "almost 
to  a  man,  they  made  the  most  heroic  and  vigorous  efforts  to 
sustain  the  common  cause  of  the  country  from  the  first  hour 
to  the  last,  through  all  the  trying  events  which  preceded 
and  accompanied  the  war." 

Our  fathers  were  jealous  of  their  rights;  and,  while  they 
were  willing  to  stand  by  the  government,  they  were  not  the 
men  to  submit  to  any  injustice.  From  time  to  time  they 
met  in  town  meeting  to  consider  important  questions  relat- 
ing to  the  condition  of  the  country.  In  December,  1772,  a 
town  meeting  was  held,  and  a  committee  appointed  to  con- 
sider and  report  what  it  may  be  proper  for  the  town  to  do 
relating  to  the  present  unhappy  situation  of  the  country. 

In  1773  they  instructed  their  representative,  Judge  Ful- 
ler, to  use  his  influence  against  the  salaries  of  the  judges  of 
the  Superior  Court  being  fixed  and  paid  by  the  Crown  in- 
stead of  by  the  Great  and  General  Court.  They  were  jealous 
of  their  rights,  even  though  remotely  assailed.  It  is  prob- 
able that  not  a  person  in  the  colonies  at  this  time  seriously 
entertained  the  thought  of  taking  up  arms  against  the  mother 
country,  but  relied  upon  constitutional  methods  only  for  the 
redress  of  their  grievances. 

Later,  during  the  same  year,  a  large  committee  was  chosen 
"  to  confer  with  the  inhabitants  of  the  town  as  to  the  expe- 
diency of  leaving  off  buying,  selling,  or  using  any  India  tea." 


32  TWO  HUNDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY— NEWTON 

On  Dec.  16,  1773,  there  was  a  famous  tea-party  in  Boston, 
such  as  never  was  seen  before  nor  has  been  since.  Newton 
was  represented  on  that  occasion  by  two  or  more  of  its  cit- 
izens. One  in  particular,  who  drove  a  load  of  wood  to 
market,  stayed  very  late  that  clay,  and  was  not  very  anxious 
the  next  morning  to  explain  the  cause  of  his  detention  ;  but, 
as  tea  was  found  in  his  shoes,  it  is  not  difficult  to  under- 
stand what  he  had  been  doing. 

The  following  year,  1774,  the  town  adopted  a  series  of  res- 
olutions, declaring  they  would  not  voluntarily  and  tamely 
submit  to  the  levying  of  any  tax  for  the  purpose  of  raising 
a  revenue,  where  imposed  without  their  consent  or  that  of 
their  representatives ;  and  that  any  and  all  persons  who 
advised  or  assisted  in  such  acts  were  inimical  to  this  coun- 
try, and  thereby  incurred  their  just  resentment,  and  in  such 
lio-ht  they  regarded  all  merchants,  traders,  and  others  who 
should  import  or  sell  any  India  tea  until  the  duty,  so  justly 
complained  of,  should  be  taken  off.  They  further  pledged 
themselves  that  they  would  not  purchase  or  use  any  such  tea 
while  the  duty  remained  upon  it. 

A  committee  was  appointed  to  confer  with  like  commit- 
tees of  sister  towns  as  occasion  required.  During  the  same 
year  the  town  voted  that  the  selectmen  use  their  best  discre- 
tion in  providing  firearms  for  the  poor  of  the  town,  where 
they  were  unable  to  provide  for  themselves.  In  October  of 
the  same  year  the  town  sent  delegates  to  the  Provincial  As- 
sembly at  Concord,  and  the  next  year  to  a  meeting  of  the 
same  at  Cambridge.  Early  in  the  year  1775,  the  town  voted 
to  raise  men  to  exercise  two  field-pieces  that  had  been  given, 
and  also  to  raise  a  company  of  minute-men,  and  thus  be  pre- 
pared for  any  emergency. 

This  action  furnishes  the  explanation  of  the  fact  that 
Newton  had  so  many  men  engaged  in  the  battles  of  Lex- 
ington and  Concord. 

On  the  19th  of  April,  1775,  a  day  ever  memorable  in  the 
history  of  our  country,  when  the  first  battles  of  independence 
were  fought  at  Lexington  and  Concord,  Newton  had  three 


ADDRESS— HON.  JAMES  F.    C.  HYDE  33 

organized  companies  of  minute-men,  all  of  whom  were  pres- 
ent and  took  part  in  the  battles  of  that  historic  day,  during 
which  they  marched  about  thirty  miles. 

The  two  hundred  and  eighteen  men  composing  these  three 
companies  were  not  all  that  Newton  sent  to  the  battle-fields 
that  day;  for  many  went  who  had  passed  the  military  age 
and  so  were  exempt  from  duty,  but  who  felt  as  did  Noah 
Wiswall,  the  oldest  man  who  went  from  Newton,  and  whose 
son  commanded  one  of  the  companies,  and  who  had  other 
sons  and  sons-in-law  in  the  fight.  He  could  not  be  induced 
to  remain  at  home,  because,  as  he  said,  "he  wanted  to  see 
what  the  boys  were  doing,"  and,  when  shot  through  the  hand, 
coolly  bound  it  up  with  a  handkerchief,  and  brought  home 
the  gun  of  a  British  soldier  who  fell  in  the  battle. 

Colonel  Joseph  Ward,  a  master  of  one  of  the  public 
schools, —  a  Newton  man, —  took  a  very  active  part.  On  the 
19th  of  April  he  left  Boston  for  Newton,  took  horse  and  gun, 
rode  to  Concord,  to  animate  and  assist  his  countrymen.  He 
also  greatly  distinguished  himself  at  the  battle  of  Bunker's 
Hill,  where  he  served  as  aide-de-camp  to  General  Artemas 
Ward. 

Soon  after  these  earlier  battles  two  companies  were  raised 
in  Newton.  In  March  following,  these  companies  with 
others  took  possession  of  Dorchester  Heights,  which  proved 
a  short  service,  as  on  the  17th  of  that  month  the  British 
evacuated  Boston,  much  to  the  joy  of  the  good  people  of 
that  town. 

Soon  after,  one  of  these  companies  joined  in  an  expedition 
to  Canada.  On  the  17th  of  June,  1776,  the  first  anniversary 
of  a  day  made  memorable  in  the  annals  of  our  country  by 
the  heroic  struggle  on  Bunker's  Hill,  where  Newton  was 
well  represented,  and  two  weeks  before  the  Declaration  of 
Independence,  our  forefathers  in  this  busy  season  of  the 
year  left  their  fields  and  quiet  homes,  and  gathered  in  town 
meeting  to  discuss  and  pass  upon  a  matter  of  vital  impor- 
tance to  them,  their  posterity,  and  the  world.  At  this  town 
meeting,  where  Captain  John  Woodward  was  moderator,  the 


34 


TWO   HUiXDREDTIl  AXXIVERSARY—NE  WTON 


second  article  in  the  warrant  was  :  "That  in  case  the  honor- 
able Continental  Congress  should,  for  the  safety  of  the 
American  colonies,  declare  them  independent  of  the  kingdom 
of  Great  Britain,  whether  the  inhabitants  of  this  town  will 
solemnly  engage  with  their  lives  and  fortunes  to  support 
them  in  the  measure."  After  debate,  the  question  was  put, 
and  the  vote  passed  unanimously. 

These  bold  and  memorable  words  meant  the  sacrifice  of 
comfort,  fortune,  home,  friends,  and  life,  if  need  be,  for  the 
right  to  govern  themselves  and  enjoy  the  privileges  of  free- 
men. In  winter's  snows  and  summer's  heats,  the  men  of 
Newton,  old  and  young,  able  and  disabled,  were  found  filling 
the  ranks  of  the  little  American  army.  They  formed  a  part 
of  nearly  every  expedition,  and  were  found  on  nearly  every 
field,  from  the  opening  battles  of  Lexington  and  Concord  to 
the  final  surrender  of  Cornwallis  at  Yorktown. 

Newton,  then  a  little  country  town  with  only  about  1,400 
inhabitants,  entered  upon  the  War  of  the  Revolution  with 
great  vigor  and  spirit.  Contributing  liberally  both  men  and 
means,  as  she  always  has  done  and  always  will  do  when  her 
country  calls,  no  town  in  Massachusetts  can  show  a  more 
honorable  record.  It  is  said  by  the  historian  that  nearly 
every  man  in  Newton  served  in  the  army  some  time  during 
the  war. 

The  history  of  the  world  scarcely  affords  a  parallel  to  all 
our  fathers  did  and  suffered  during  the  long  struggle  they 
endured  in  the  sacred  cause  of  liberty.  Let  us  not  forget 
that  Newton  enjoys  the  honor  of  having  been  the  birthplace 
of  one  of  the  immortal  band  of  men  who  signed  the  Decla- 
ration of  Independence, —  Roger  Sherman, —  a  name  em- 
balmed in  the  hearts  of  his  countrymen  as  well  as  on  the 
pages  of  history. 

Of  the  part  Newton  took  in  the  War  of  181 2  little  is 
known,  but  it  is  no  doubt  true  that  the  sons  of  such  worthy 
sires  were  not  found  wanting  when  the  country  was  in  need. 

Let  us  briefly  consider  Newton  in  the  war  of  the  Great 
Rebellion.     From  the  opening  gun  fired  on  Sumter  April  12, 


ADDRESS  — I/OX.  JAMES  P.    C.   HYP  I:  35 

1 86 1,  until  the  close  of  the  rebellion  Newton  nobly  per- 
formed her  part. 

She  furnished  at  least  thirty-six  commissioned  officers, 
two  generals,  and  1,129  soldiers  who  formed  a  part  of  thirty 
regiments. 

These  men  gave  themselves  to  their  country  in  the  hour 
of  her  need,  and  went  forth  in  her  defence. 

Where  duty  called,  they  were  found, —  whether  amid  the 
malaria  of  Southern  swamps,  on  the  march,  leading  a  forlorn 
hope  against  the  enemy,  or  in  vile  prison  pens, —  the  men- 
tion of  whose  names  brings  a  thrill  of  horror  to  all  hearts. 

They  fell  by  the  way  on  the  long  and  tedious  marches, 
they  died  of  homesickness  or  wounds  in  the  hospitals,  they 
went  down  before  the  rush  of  the  enemy  and  were  killed  or 
reported  missing,  and  never  again  heard  from.  They  endured 
privations  and  hardships  such  as  we  cannot  comprehend  ;  and 
they  did  it  all  without  murmur  or  complaint  for  the  love  and 
respect  they  had  for  the  heroes  of  '76,  and  their  regard  for 
the  liberty  and  good  name  of  their  country,  for  their  homes 
and  firesides,  and  the  still  more  tender  regard  for  the  dear 
ones  in  those  homes  whose  prayers  and  good  wishes  never 
ceased  to  follow  them  amid  all  their  sufferings. 

They  loved  their  homes  and  firesides  as  we  do  ours,  but 
loved  their  country  more. 

The  spirit  that  actuated  them  was  well  illustrated  by  one 
who  said,  "  If  my  country  needs  my  services,  I  am  willing  for 
her  sake  to  make  the  sacrifice."  This  was  Charles  Ward, 
a  worthy  son  of  one  of  the  first  settlers,  who  cheerfully  gave 
his  life  at  Gettysburg. 

Our  ancestors  early  recognized  the  importance  of  educa- 
tion, and  all  through  the  two  centuries  that  have  passed 
since  its  incorporation  Newton  has  made  the  most  liberal 
appropriations  for  its  public  schools,  thus  standing  in  the 
front  ranks  among  the  many  cities  and  towns  of  the  Com- 
monwealth. 

In  addition  to  all  this  it  has  within  its  borders  a  Theolog- 
ical Seminary  of  world-wide  reputation,  a  seminary  for  young 


36  TWO  HUNDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY— NEWTON 

ladies,  and  an  English  and  classical  school,  as  well  as  others 
of  lesser  note. 

Early  in  the  history  of  Massachusetts  slavery  was  intro- 
duced, and  it  is  not  surprising  that  some  slaves  should  have 
been  found  in  Newton.  The  records  show  that  at  least 
thirty-six  were  mentioned  in  the  inventories  of  deceased  per- 
sons, and  there  were  probably  others.  Slavery  is  supposed 
to  have  received  its  death-blow  in  Massachusetts,  about  1783. 

Newton,  of  course,  in  its  early  days  was  a  purely  agricult- 
ural town,  and  its  farmers  were  prosperous  and  well-to-do 
for  those  times,  and  built  for  themselves  here  and  there  over 
its  broad  area  homes  that  were  comparatively  comfortable, 
but  which  would  hardly  compare  with  many  of  the  palatial 
residences  which  we  see  to-day. 

But  as  early  as  1688,  the  very  year  of  the  incorporation  of 
Newton,  a  mill  was  built  at  Upper  Falls,  where  there  was 
a  considerable  waterfall  on  Ouinobequin,  or,  later,  Charles 
River. 

Still  later  other  mills  were  located  along  the  river,  some 
for  the  manufacture  of  lumber,  cloths,  nails,  cotton  goods, 
paper,  and  other  articles,  all  of  which  helped  to  extend  the 
industries  of  this  growing  town. 

Fifty  years  ago,  two  of  these  manufacturing  villages  — 
Upper  Falls  and  Lower  Falls  —  exerted  a  controlling  influ- 
ence in  town  affairs. 

The  intelligent  citizens  of  Newton  early  took  a  deep  inter- 
est in  the  cause  of  temperance,  and  as  early  as  Dec.  15, 
1826,  "a  meeting  was  held  which  took  active  measures  on 
the  subject,  and  by  a  circular  addressed  to  the  inhabitants  of 
the  town  sought  to  create  a  general  interest  in  regard  to  it." 
Later,  a  constitution  was  adopted  and  the  society  received 
the  name  of  the  "Newton  Friendly  Society."  This  was  prob- 
ably the  first  local  organization  of  its  kind  in  New  Eng- 
land, with  one  exception.  This  society  afterwards  estab- 
lished a  library  of  several  hundred  volumes ;  and  it  also 
originated  the  Institution  for  Savings  in  the  Town  of 
Newton,  now  the  well-known  and  prosperous  Newton  Sav- 


ADDRESS— HON.  JAMES  F.   C.   HYDE  -.y 

ings  Bank.  The  whole  movement  was  conducted  by  the 
best  and  most  influential  men  of  the  town. 

In  179S  a  library  was  formed  at  West  Parish,  called  the 
West  Parish  Social  Library ;  and  it  was  provided  that  it 
should  be  of  the  value  of  $150  at  least.  The  Adelphian 
Library,  formed  by  the  Temperance  Society,  was  the  next  in 
order;  and  both  of  these  were  finally  merged  in  the  West 
Newton  Athenaeum  in  1849,  which  library  is  in  a  prosper- 
ous condition  to-day.  In  1848  the  Newton  Book  Club  was 
formed,  which  later  took  the  name  of  the  Newton  Literary 
Association,  and  from  this  small  beginning  has  come  the 
magnificent  Free  Public  Library  of  Newton,  which  contains 
many  thousand  volumes.  Large  sums  were  contributed 
by  individuals  to  establish  this  library  before  it  became  the 
property  of  the  city. 

There  was  a  Free  Library  formed  at  Newton  Centre  in 
1859,  and  in  1873  all  the  books  were  donated  to  the  Newton 
Free  Library.  In  1869  a  free  library  was  established  at 
Lower  Falls,  and  subsequently  one  at  North  Village. 

"In  imitation  of  the  churchyards  of  England,  the  first 
cemetery  was  around  the  first  church."  Later  burial- 
grounds  were  located  at  West  Newton,  one  near  Upper 
Falls  and  one  at  the  Lower  Falls.  Of  these  resting-places 
of  the  fathers,  many  interesting  facts  could  be  given,  would 
time  permit. 

The  growing  town  demanded  additional  provisions  for  the 
burial  of  its  dead,  and  in  1855  the  Newton  Cemetery  Cor- 
poration was  organized,  which  has  resulted  in  establishing 
one  of  the  most  beautiful  rural  cemeteries  to  be  found  in 
New  England. 

An  attempt  was  made  to  divide  this  fair  domain.  The 
agitation  began  about  1830,  and  continued  until  about 
1 84S-49. 

Some  of  us  can  well  remember  the  strong  feeling  that 
was  aroused  by  the  agitation  of  the  subject,  so  strong  as  to 
alienate  friends  and  lead  to  bitter  words.  Fortunately,  no 
division  was  effected ;  and  we  have  remained  a  united,  pros- 
perous, and  happy  people  to  this  day. 


38  TWO  HUNDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY— NEWTON 

As  early  as  1813,  this  town  had  a  Fire  Department,  to 
which  many  of  the  prominent  citizens  belonged. 

In  1842,  the  engines  in  use  being  too  small,  the  town 
voted  twenty-four  hundred  dollars  for  the  purchase  of  four 
engines,  provided  each  of  the  villages  where  the  engines 
were  to  be  located  would  add  two  hundred  dollars  more.  A 
year  later,  a  similar  appropriation  was  made  for  another  vil- 
lage. A  steam  fire-engine  was  purchased  in  1867,  another 
in  1 87 1,  and  a  third  in  1873.  This  was  followed  by  the  in- 
troduction of  the  Electric  Fire-alarm. 

Fire  apparatus  of  the  most  modern  construction,  with  all 
necessary  equipment,  has  made  our  Fire  Department  noted 
for  its  efficiency. 

Newton,  as  a  town  and  city,  has  always  provided  gen- 
erously for  its  poor.  In  1824,  John  Kenrick,  a  generous  cit- 
izen, created  a  fund  "to  aid  the  needy  industrious  poor  of  the 
town,  especially  such  widows  and  orphans  as  had  not  fallen 
under  the  immediate  care  of  the  Overseers  of  the  Poor." 

This  fund  has  been  faithfully  administered  from  that  time 
to  this,  and  has  proved  a  source  of  comfort  to  many.  Would 
time  permit,  we  could  speak  of  the  Cottage  Hospital,  the 
Pomeroy  Home,  the  Pine  Farm  School  for  boys,  and  other 
similar  charitable  institutions  that  have  been  established 
here. 

Before  Newton  became  a  city  it  had  taken  action  looking 
to  the  introduction  of  pure  water,  and  the  town  was  author- 
ized to  take  water  from  Charles  River.  This  act  was  ac- 
cepted in  1872.  Subsequent  acts  enlarged  the  powers  of  the 
city,  and  it  was  decided  to  put  in  a  system  of  water-works. 
These  were  completed  in  1876,  at  large  expense;  and  New- 
ton has  enjoyed  from  that  time  the  luxury  of  pure  water  in 
abundance. 

Among  the  many  advantages  enjoyed  by  Newton  are  the 
railroads  within  its  limits.  As  early  as  May,  1834,  the  Bos- 
ton &  Worcester  Railroad  was  opened  to  Newton,  nearly  a 
year  before  it  was  completed  to  Worcester. 

This  was  the  first  passenger  railroad  in  this  part  of  the 


ADDRESS—  HON.  29 

country.     The   trains    were   few,   and    the   accom modal  i 
every  way  limited. 

A  speed  of  ten  to  twelve  miles  an  hour  then,  inste; 
forty-five   to    fifty  now.     This    road    was   laid    out   through 
Angier's   Corner, —  now    Newton, —  Hull's   Crossing, —  now 
Newtonville, —  and  Squash  End, —  now  West  Newton. 

These  villages  were  very  small,  and  the  only  ones  on  that 
side  of  the  town  except  Lower  Falls  to  which  a  branch  rail- 
road was  built  some  years  later.  Auburndale  came  into 
existence  after  the  main  line  was  built.  In  the  year  1852 
the  Charles  River  Branch  Railroad  was  opened  from  Brook- 
line  to  Newton  Upper  Falls,  having  stations  at  Chestnut 
Hill,  Newton  Centre,  Oak  Hill, —  now  Newton  Highlands. 
This  road  under  another  name  was  extended  to  Woonsocket, 
R.I. 

The  construction  and  running  of  these  roads  gave  an  im- 
petus to  building,  and  several  of  the  stations  have  become 
centres  of  large  and  flourishing  villages.  Though  the  two 
railroads  already  in  existence  well  accommodated  all  passing 
to  and  from  Boston,  there  was  no  easy  communication  from 
one  side  of  the  city  of  Newton  to  the  other,  and  the  idea 
was  conceived  of  building  a  railroad  connecting  the  two 
railroads  together,  forming  the  Newton  Circuit  from  Newton 
Highlands  to  Riverside.  This  work  was  accomplished 
largely  through  the  efforts  of  the  writer,  and  the  road  was 
opened  May  15,  1886,  thus  connecting  by  rail  nearly  all  the 
villages  of  Newton,  and  forming  a  belt  line  such  as  is  found 
in  few  other  towns  or  cities  on  the  continent. 

Along  this  connecting  link  Eliot,  YVaban,  and  Woodland 
stations  are  located.  Newton  cannot  fail  to  enjoy  in  the 
future  even  greater  prosperity  than  in  the  past,  and  a  large 
increase  in  her  population  and  wealth. 

The  good  people  of  the  town  were  not  unmindful  of  the 
advantages  of  public  parks,  and  among  the  latest  acts  of  the 
town  before  it  became  a  city  was  to  appoint  a  committee  to 
take  into  consideration  the  subject  of  parks  and  play-grounds 
for  the  town.  This  action  led  to  the  establishing  of  Farlow 
Park,  to  be  followed,  we  trust,  by  others. 


40  TWO  HUNDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY—  NEWTON 

The  town  having  outgrown  its  old  form  of  government 
and  having  a  population  sufficient  to  entitle  it  to  become  a 
city,  a  town  meeting  was  held  April  7,  1873,  and  by  a  large 
vote  it  was  decided,  after  a  lengthy  debate,  to  petition  the 
General  Court,  then  in  session,  for  a  city  charter,  which  was 
granted.  In  October  following,  the  voters  accepted  "An 
Act  to  establish  the  City  of  Newton."  Under  this  new 
form  of  government  we  have  enjoyed  increased  prosperity. 
Let  us  in  imagination  go  back  to  1639,  when  all  this  terri- 
tory was  a  primeval  forest  ;  when  over  these  hills  and  along 
these  valleys  roamed  the  wolf  and  the  deer ;  when  the  river 
and  lakes  swarmed  with  fish,  and  on  their  unvexed  surface 
the  wild  fowl  rested  securely ;  when  the  smoke  still  ascended 
from  the  wigwam  of  the  Indian  on  Nonantum  Hill,  and  the 
sons  of  the  forest  as  well  as  the  pale-faced  settler  found  their 
way  from  point  to  point  along  blazed  paths,  which  were  later 
to  become  bridle-ways  and  still  later  town-ways  and  high- 
ways, and  finally,  as  we  see  them  to-day,  magnificent  and 
well-kept  avenues,  lined  on  cither  side  with  beautiful  trees, 
some  of  which  have  sheltered  the  red  hunter  of  the  forest, 
while  along  these  streets  are  reared  the  homes  of  a  prosper- 
ous and  happy  people. 

The  years  went  slowly  by,  and  life  with  our  ancestors  on 
these  broad  acres  was  one  of  severe  toil  and  hardship.  The 
land  must  be  subdued  amid  many  dangers  and  brought  under 
cultivation  to  supply  the  wants  of  the  growing  families  of  the 
first  settlers  and  those  that  were  added  to  their  number  from 
time  to  time. 

It  is  not  easy  for  those  reared  amid  the  comforts  and  lux- 
uries of  life  to  realize  what  our  ancestors  endured  in  their 
efforts  to  lay  broad  and  deep  the  foundations  for  future 
towns  and  cities. 

Amid  hopes  and  fears  life  went  on,  and  in  1688  the  growth 
and  progress  had  been  such  as  to  justify  the  incorporation 
of  a  town  whose  fame  was  to  go  sounding  down  through  the 
centuries. 

Our  fathers  builded  better  than  they  knew.    Two  hundred 


ADDRESS  — HON.  JAMES  F.    C.   HYDE 


41 


years  have  passed  since  the  legal  incorporation  of  Newton, 
then  a  small  town  with  a  very  sparse  population,  now  a  city 
of  more  than  twenty-one  thousand  inhabitants.  Then  with 
a  single  church,  and  that  a  very  poor  and  inexpensive  one : 
now  twenty-six  or  more  churches,  some  of  them  costing  be- 
tween one  and  two  hundred  thousand  dollars.  Then  here 
and  there  a  lane  or  town-way :  now  more  than  one  hundred 
and  thirty  miles  of  well-kept  streets.  Then  no  school-house 
on  this  territory  :  now  those  of  magnificent  proportions, 
with  schools  of  all  grades,  with  a  large  and  excellent  corps 
of  teachers,  besides  private  academies  and  higher  institu- 
tions of  learning.  Then  only  here  and  there  a  farm  with 
its  low  farm-house :  now  beautiful  villages,  costly  business 
blocks,  palatial  residences,  well-kept  villas  and  cosey  cot- 
tages, all  showing  enterprise,  culture,  and  taste.  How  great 
the  change  from  the  scattered  town  in  the  wilderness,  two 
hundred  years  ago,  to  the  rich  and  flourishing  city  of  to-day ! 

Standing  on  the  heights  of  these  closing  years  of  this 
nineteenth  century,  and  looking  back  over  the  long  roll  of 
years  since  Newton  began  its  existence  in  the  "forest  pri- 
meval," we  cannot  fail  to  realize  the  remarkable  progress  of 
the  two  centuries  that  have  passed.  Our  hearts  swell  with 
emotion  as  we  call  to  mind  the  grand  characters  and  heroic 
deeds  of  the  noble  band  of  men  and  women  who  here  laid 
broad  and  deep  the  foundations  upon  which  we  are  building, 
and  who  helped  to  secure  for  us  the  rich  blessings  of  civil 
and  religious  liberty. 

As  we  contemplate  the  past  and  appreciate  the  present, 
may  it  stimulate  us  all  to  higher  aspirations  and  greater  use- 
fulness, that  we  may  prove  worthy  sons  of  such  noble  sires ! 


ADDRESS  OF  LEVERETT  SALTONSTALL,  ESQ., 

COLLECTOR  OF  U.  S.  CUSTOMS, 

PORT  OF  BOSTON. 


I  am  not  a  native  of  Newton,  and  have  had  small  oppor- 
tunity to  prepare  a  fitting  address  for  this  occasion,  but 
should  be  hardly  true  to  the  town  where  I  have  passed  the 
most  important  and  larger  half  of  my  life,  were  I  to  refuse 
the  earnest  request  of  our  mayor  to  address  you,  if  only  in  a 
few  brief  words. 

No  one  can  have  lived  in  this  beautiful  place  for  over 
thirty  years  without  being  impressed  by  its  numerous  at- 
tractions, favored  as  it  is  in  every  way  by  nature,  and  ren- 
dered more  desirable  as  a  place  of  residence  by  all  that  its 
worthy  citizens  can  devise  for  the  promotion  of  health,  com- 
fort, education,  and  intelligence. 

There  is,  I  believe,  no  town  or  city  in  the  neighborhood  of 
Boston  which  can  compare  with  Newton.  Her  commanding 
hills,  each  offering  an  extensive  panorama  peculiar  to  itself, 
all  exquisite,  but  none  alike  ;  her  lovely  meadows  and  valleys  ; 
her  beautiful  river,  gracefully  and  gently  winding  around  her 
borders,  furnishing  her  people  with  purest  water ;  her  sweet, 
invigorating  air,  bringing  health,  especially  to  those  whose 
good  fortune  it  is  to  live  on  her  higher  plains  and  hillsides ; 
her  roads  of  such  unrivalled  excellence ;  her  admirable 
schools  and  numerous  churches ;  her  pretty  cottages  and 
handsome  villas,  resting  in  their  well-kept  lawns  and  gardens; 
her  intelligent  and  thrifty  population, —  all  constitute  Newton 
the  gem  in  the  coronet  of  beautiful  towns  and  cities  which 
environ  the  metropolis. 

Let  us  ever  be  proud  of  her,  and  be  grateful,  too,  that  our 


ADDRESS  — LEVERETT  SAL  ., 

lines  are  cast  in  such  pleasant  places.  May  we  ever  be 
ready  to  speak  for  her,  to  work  for  her,  and  by  our  individual 
and  united  effort  to  defend  her  against  every  open  or  covert 
foe,  that  her  homes  may  be  free  from  vice  and  intemper- 
ance, her  schools  true  to  their  well-earned  reputation,  her 
officers  above  suspicion,  and  her  church  bells  never  be 
silent ! 

So  shall  we  hand  down  to  posterity  the  rich  legacy 
received  from  the  fathers,  for  which  they  labored  and  toiled 
as  never  before  nor  since  have  men  labored  and  toiled. 

The  early  history  of  Newton  has  always  seemed  to  me  to 
be  in  one  way  especially  interesting,  and  quite  above  the 
story  of  the  dull,  dreary  routine  of  toil  and  drudgery  which 
fell  to  the  lot  of  most  of  the  other  towns  ;  for  was  it  not  here 
that  John  Eliot,  that  true  apostle,  labored  to  teach  the  poor 
Indian  the  great  truths  of  Christianity  ? 

I  know  no  more  touching  tale  in  our  early  history  than  the 
account  handed  down  to  us  of  these  poor  sons  of  the  forest 
seated  around  Eliot, —  who  had  after  years  of  careful  study 
mastered  their  language, —  eagerly  drinking  in  his  words,  and 
tearfully  questioning  him. 

"  Did  God  understand  Indian  prayers  ? " 

"  Were  the  English  ever  so  ignorant  as  the  poor  Indians  ?" 

The  confession  of  Waban,  too,  the  first  Christian  convert, 
before  he  died,  might  well  bring  tears  to  the  eyes  of  any  one 
reading  it,  in  view  of  the  sad  fate  of  these  native  tribes. 

What  a  shame  to  our  race  that  the  work  of  this  noble 
apostle  should  have  been  allowed  to  perish  with  him,  and 
that  the  original  owners  of  the  soil  should  have  been  aban- 
doned to  the  contamination  of  vice  and  disease,  to  be  fol- 
lowed by  annihilation  ! 

I  hold  in  my  hand  a  sermon  which  I  accidentally  found 
among  some  old  papers,  printed  in  1723,  entitled  "  Question, 
whether  God  is  not  angry  with  this  country  for  doing  so  little 
toward  the  conversion  of  the  Indians."  "Discourse  by  the 
Reverend  and  Learned  Mr.  Solomon  Stoddard  of  North 
Hampton,"   in  which  the  good  man  exclaims:  "The  profes- 


44 


TWO  III TNDRED  TH  ANNIVERSAR  \ '—  NE  WTON 


sion  of  those  that  adventured  into  this  country  was  that  it 
was  their  principal  design  to  bring  the  Indians  to  the  knowl- 
edge of  the  true  God  and  Saviour  of  mankind,  and  to  the 
Christian  faith,  and  it  would  have  been  the  honor  of  the 
country  if  they  had  answered  that  profession."  "And,  if  a 
spirit  of  love  toward  Jesus  Christ  had  flourished  in  us,  it 
would  be  the  joy  of  our  hearts  to  see  congregations  of  Ind- 
ians waiting  on  God  in  His  house,  joining  in  prayer,  hear- 
ing the  Gospel,  and  celebrating  the  memory  of  the  death  of 
Christ."  "And  it  is  matter  of  shame,"  the  good  man  goes 
on  to  say,  "  that,  when  others  are  carrying  the  Gospel  many 
thousands  of  miles  from  their  own  country,  we  suffer  them 
that  dwell  among  us  and  that  are  borderers  to  us  to  lie  in 
darkness,  and  afford  them  very  little  help  for  their  deliver- 
ance." 

And  as  the  reverend  gentleman  preached  one  hundred  and 
sixty-five  years  ago,  so  we  say  to-day.  All  the  more  then 
beams  out  the  bright  and  shining  light  of  brave  John  Eliot, 
gifted  with  "tongues,"  the  inspired  teacher,  like  Paul  at 
Athens,  declaring  the  "unknown  God"  to  Waban  and  his 
tribe. 

Though  my  fathers  were  not  among  the  early  settlers  of 
Newton,  yet  must  they  have  trodden  her  soil  and  have  been 
familiar  with  her  streams,  her  hills  and  meadows.  For, 
when  Governor  Winthrop  and  Sir  Richard  Saltonstall,  after 
landing  at  Salem  in  1630,  left  with  their  friends  and  follow- 
ers to  seek  settlements,  Winthrop  stopped  at  Shawmut;  but 
Saltonstall,  with  that  excellent  man,  the  Reverend  George 
Phillips,  journeyed  on  through  the  wilderness,  untrodden  by 
the  feet  of  white  men,  till  he  came  to  a  "  spot  well  watered  " 
on  the  Charles,  where  he  rested  and  commenced  a  planta- 
tion, calling  it  Watertown.  This  was  sixteen  years  before 
Eliot  preached  to  the  Indians  at  Nonantum,  and  fifty-eight 
before  the  incorporation  of  Newton. 

Then,  again,  I  see  that  in  1640  this  town  "granted  to 
Samuel  Shepard  a  farm  of  400  acres  of  upland,  adjoining 
unto  the  meadows  which  were  sometime  in  the  occupation 


ADDRESS— LEVERETT  SALTONSTALL,    .  45 

of  brother  Greene  for  Richard  Saltonstall."  So  that  there 
can  be  traced  a  strong  probable  link  of  friendship  between 
the  sons  of  Sir  Richard  and  the  first  settlers  of  Cambridge 
Village,  as  it  then  was, —  ancestors  of  some  of  my  esteemed 
friends  and  townsmen. 

All  important  events  in  the  history  of  our  country,  from 
its  earliest  infancy,  are  so  carefully  preserved  and  handed 
down  from  generation  to  generation  that  they  can  be  re- 
called at  stated  intervals ;  and  so  we  can,  fortunately,  on  the 
recurrence  of  anniversaries  and  centennials  of  these  events 
revive  our  interest  in  them,  bring  them  vividly  before  each 
generation,  and  thereby  heighten  our  veneration  for  the 
brave,  the  true-hearted,  pious  founders  of  our  beloved  Com- 
monwealth. But,  above  all,  should  gratitude  to  Him  who 
supported  our  fathers  through  all  their  trials  and  sufferings 
fill  our  hearts  and  animate  us  with  zealous  ardor  to  live  as 
worthy  sons  of  such  a  parentage. 

I  know  of  no  celebrations  half  so  interesting  as  these  cen- 
tennials. The  pictures  of  the  past  are  held  before  us  and 
our  children,  to  be  by  them  handed  down  in  undying  colors 
to  posterity. 

Here,  then,  is  the  sheet-anchor  of  the  great  Republic ;  and 
so  long  as  our  children  and  our  children's  children  shall  cher- 
ish this  precious  history  of  the  fathers,  and  shall  earnestly 
recur  to  it  for  inspiration,  so  long  will  our  institutions  be 
secure,  so  long  will  Church  and  State  rest  each  on  its  stable 
foundation.  The  waves  of  fanaticism,  of  infidelity,  of  blind 
and  senseless  sectarianism,  aye,  even  of  anarchism,  will  beat 
against  them  in  vain.  "The  rock  shall  fly  from  its  firm 
base"  sooner  than  they  shall  perish. 

The  landings  of  the  Pilgrims  and  of  the  Puritans  of  the 
Massachusetts  Colony,  the  settlements  of  the  towns,  of  the 
churches,  of  the  colleges,  the  events  leading  up  to  the  con- 
test for  independence,  the  Revolution,  with  all  its  heart-stir- 
ring incidents,  have  been  celebrated  in  anniversaries  and 
centennials ;  and  may  God  grant  the  time  may  never  come 
when  they  shall  cease  to  be  observed ! 


NEWTON'S  TWO  HUNDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY. 


POEM. 


BY   S.    F.    SMITH,    D.D. 

With  filial  love  and  reverent  thoughts,  we  scan 
The  glimmering  clawn  in  which  the  town  began: 
How,  one  by  one,  with  spirits  brave  and  true, 
The  founders  left  the  old  and  sought  the  new, 
Pitched  their  frail  tents  upon  the  virgin  sod, — 
Indians  their  neighbors,  and  their  helper,  God; 
Taught  the  wild  savage  from  rude  strife  to  cease, 
And  learn  the  nobler  arts  of  love  and  peace. 

Good  men  and  wise, —  men  of  both  brawn  and  brain, — 

From  tangled  woods  they  wrought  this  fair  domain  ; 

Planted  an  acorn  from  a  foreign  oak, 

Where  wild  winds  whistled  and  the  tempests  broke ; 

Watched  it  and  watered,  as  it  upward  grew, — 

Child  of  the  sun  and  storm,  the  frost  and  dew. 

'Twas  wreathed  around  with  clouds,  blue,  white,  and  red. 

And  a  whole  heaven  of  starlight  overhead. 

They  loved  and  guarded  it  by  day  and  night, 

Beneath  its  shade  sat  with  profound  delight, 

And  taught  their  sons  the  reverent  love  to  share 

Of  those  who  nursed  the  tender  sapling  there. 

Brave  oak !  see  how  its  honored  head  it  rears, 
Stands  peerless  in  its  majesty  of  years, 
Laughs  at  the  echo  of  the  centuries'  tread, 
And  bids  the  living  emulate  the  dead. 

Whence  came  the  founders  of  this  rising  State, — 
The  fair,  the  fond,  the  beautiful,  the  great? 
Some,  with  strong  muscle,  skilled  to  build  or  plan, 
Came  from  the  workshop  of  the  artisan ; 
Some  from  the  polished  town,  the  school,  the  mart, 
Some  from  the  farm  :    while  some,  with  loving  heart, 


POEM—S.  P.  SMITH,  D.D.  47 

Linked  to  some  noble  soul,  in  youthful  bloom, 
Dared  to  the  forest  to  transplant  the  home  ; 
By  the  sweet  grace  of  woman  to  refine, 
To  shed  around  her  path  a  light  Divine, 
The  faint  adventurer's  courage  to  sustain, 
To  raise  the  fallen  to  life  and  hope  again, 
And  help  the  sire  to  bear  the  weary  load, 
Strengthened  and  stayed  by  woman's  faith  in  God. 

Such  were  the  fathers  of  the  little  flock, 
And  such  the  mothers,  brave  to  bear  the  shock 
Of  hopes  deferred,  till  —  the  fair  model  made  — 
The  deep  foundations  of  the  town  were  laid. 

I  see,  as  backward  now  I  turn  my  eye, 
The  quaint  but  grand  procession  filing  by  : 
Jackson  and  Fuller,  Prentice,  Hyde,  and  Park, 
Bacon  and  Hammond,  Kenrick,  Ward,  and  Clarke, 
Wiswell  and  Eliot,  Trowbridge,  Spring,  and  Stone, 
Parker  and  Williams,  Hobart,  Bartlett, —  known 
As  men  of  substance,  brave,  and  wise,  and  good  — 
Their  light  still  shines, —  an  honored  brotherhood. 
All,  all  have  passed :  their  noble  deeds  remain, 
As  the  sweet  summer  sun  and  dew  and  rain 
Pass  from  our  sight  and  sense,  but  re-appear 
In  golden  harvests, —  crown  of  all  the  year. 

What  found  they  here  ?  those  souls  so  brave  and  true, — 

Risking  the  well-known  old  for  the  unknown  new. 

A  forest  home,  lands  rough  and  unsubdued, 

Absence  of  early  friends,  a  solitude ; 

No  civil  state,  no  patent  of  the  free, 

But  taxed  by  Cambridge  for  the  right  to  be  ; 

The  savage  war-whoop  struck  their  souls  with  dread, 

The  Indian  arrows  round  their  dwellings  sped, 

And  many  a  timid  heart,  with  bodings  drear, 

Kept  Lent  of  hope  and  Carnival  of  fear. 

What  have  they  brought  us  ?     See  !  these  fair  domains,— 

The  fruit  of  patient  toil  and  wearying  pains  ; 

The  fame  of  wise  men,  destined  still  to  grow, 

The  fame  of  progress,  real,  if  often  slow  ; 

The  hum  of  study  in  our  learned  halls  ; 

The  grace  and  beauty  of  our  pictured  walls ; 


48 


TWO  HUNDRED  Til  ANNIl  'ERS*  I R  )  —  ATE IVTON 

Our  noble  cliurches  of  enduring  stone; 

Our  public  gardens  with  their  sweet  flowers  strewn : 

The  fame  of  men  who  firm  in  battle  stood, 

And  bought  the  rights  of  freemen  with  their  blood, 

And  in  the  nation's  struggle  won  the  field, 

Too  wise  to  compromise,  too  brave  to  yield, 

And  walked  unshrinking  through  the  deadly  fires, — 

The  patriot  sons,  alike,  and  patriot  sires. 

These  are  our  jewels,  these  our  joy  and  boast, 
Worthy  the  toils  they  brought,  the  wealth  they  cost, — 
A  rich  return  for  efforts,  zeal,  and  fears, 
Blest  harvests  of  these  great  two  hundred  years. 


ADDRESS  OF  JOHN  S.   FARLOW,  ESQ. 


Mr.  Mayor  and  Ladies  and  Gentlemen, —  When  I  came 
here  this  afternoon,  I  found  —  much  to  my  surprise  —  on 
the  printed  order  of  exercises  that  my  name  was  there  for 
an    address. 

Now,  sir,  a  formal  address  is  to  me  something  appalling. 
I  never  made  one  in  my  life;  and  I  cannot  possibly  entertain 
the  idea  of  making  one  at  this  time,  to  such  an  assemblage  as 
this,  and  I  shall  not  attempt  it.  I  should,  however,  be  want- 
ing in  duty  to  this  my  adopted  city,  and  to  the  ladies  and 
gentlemen  here  assembled,  if,  on  an  occasion  like  this,  I 
failed  to  respond  to  the  invitation  so  kindly  tendered  me  by 
his  Honor,  the  Mayor,  and  say  something,  however  feeble, 
that  might  possibly  add  interest  to  the  event  we  are  now 
celebrating. 

If,  sir,  I  had  been  present  at  the  laying  of  the  corner- 
stone of  Newton,  as  our  friend  Otis  Pettee  was,  or  even,  if 
like  our  friend  J.  F.  C.  Hyde,  I  had  had  a  hundred  and  odd 
years'  experience  as  the  presiding  genius  of  Newton's  town 
meetings,  I  might,  like  them,  be  able  to  discourse  eloquently 
of  those  ancient  days,  and  tell  of  the  valiant  deeds  of  the 
then  inhabitants  of  the  town  in  repelling  the  assaults  of 
ruthless  savages,  and  to  speak  in  glowing  terms  of  the  sa- 
lubrious climate,  undulating  hills,  and  pleasant  valleys  of  the 
town ;  of  its  lovely  Charles  River,  pursuing  its  tortuous 
course  to  the  sea;  the  delightful  scenery  bordering  the  head- 
waters of  the  classic  Cheesecake  Brook  ;  and  the  excellence 
of  its  churches  and  public  schools.  I  might  also  be  able 
to  tell  of  the  raisings,  the  huskings,  and  quiltings,  and  of 
the  nut-cracking,  apple-eating,  and  cider-drinking  with  which 


50 


TWO   HUNDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY—  NEH 


those  patriarchs  were  wont  to  regale  themselves  at  their 
winter  firesides.  Some  of  these  we  still  enjoy.  We  have 
the  same  salubrious  climate,  the  same  undulating  hills  and 
pleasant  valleys,  the  same  lovely,  tortuous  Charles  River, 
and  the  same  classic  Cheesecake  Brook.  We  have  also 
churches  in  greater  number  and  variety,  with  creeds  and 
without.  We  have  also  the  very  best  of  public  schools, 
ample  in  number  for  our  increased  population,  divested,  I 
hope,  of  all  sectarian  influences,  whether  Protestant  or  Cath- 
olic, Gentile  or  Jew.  I  sincerely  trust  they  will  ever  remain 
so  ;  for  on  the  character  and  excellence  of  our  public  schools 
more  than  on  anything  else  depends  the  perpetuity  of  our 
free  republican  institutions.  These,  as  I  said  before,  we  now 
enjoy  as  they  did  in  the  days  long  past ;  but  in  all  else 
how  changed  !  Instead  of  their  wells  and  well-sweeps,  we 
now  have  an  excellent  system  of  city  water-works,  that  dis- 
tributes—  at  small  cost  to  each  —  pure  water  to  every  house 
in  town.  For  their  tallow  dips,  we  of  to-day's  Newton  have 
substituted  kerosene  oil,  electric  lights,  and  illuminating  gas. 
Gas  of  the  other  sort  they  probably  had  as  well  as  we. 

We  have  also  well-appointed  fire  and  police  departments, 
which  they  neither  had  nor  needed.  For  their  happy  fire- 
side feasts  we  can  only  offer  in  comparison  those  we  now 
enjoy  at  our  Woodland  Park  Hotel,  where  our  friend  Lee 
(that  prince  of  caterers)  dispenses  choice  morsels  of  canvass- 
back  duck,  terrapin,  soft-shell  crabs,  and  other  appetizing 
delicacies,  not  so  wholesome  perhaps  as  what  they  had,  but 
more  grateful  to  the  vitiated  taste  of  these  modern  times. 
The  Newton  of  to-day  has  but  few  poor  people,  and  still 
fewer  of  those  who  nowadays  would  be  called  rich ;  but  we 
have  instead  a  well-to-do,  middling  class  of  active,  industri- 
ous, enterprising  men,  who  are  not  only  independent  finan- 
cially, but  also  in  all  matters  of  religious  and  political 
thought  and  action, —  men  who  know  and  esteem  each  other 
for  what  they  are,  as  men.  Newton  is  a  quiet,  peaceable, 
well-governed  town,  and  has  been  ever  since  I  have  resided 
in  it. 


ADDRESS— JOHN  S.    FARLOW,    ESQ.  z>l 

From  close  personal  observation  for  the  past  thirty  years,  I 
say,  unhesitatingly,  that  there  is  no  better  governed  town  or 
city  in  this  country  or  any  other.  If,  Mr.  Mayor,  we  can  be 
assured  of  as  good  an  administration  of  government  as  you 
and  those  who  have  preceded  you  have  given  us,  we  shall  be 
fortunate  indeed.  Colonel  Saltonstall  has  just  told  us  that 
he  came  to  Newton  to  reside  more  than  thirty  years  ago. 
He  and  I,  therefore,  can  claim  a  timely  fellowship  as  citizens 
of  Newton  ;  for  it  is  now  thirty-one  years  since  I  pitched  my 
tent  on  Nonantum  hillside.  Thirty-one  years,  sir,  is  a  long 
period  for  one  to  dwell  in  one  place ;  and  few  there  are  that 
do  it. 

For  me,  those  thirty-one  years  have  been  thirty-one  years 
of  constant,  pleasurable  enjoyment.  My  children  and  my 
grandchildren  have  grown  up  around  me  to  man's  and 
woman's  estate,  under  the  benign  influence  of  Newton's 
public  schools  and  other  institutions  and  associations;  and  I 
know  that  they,  too,  have  and  will  ever  hold  in  grateful 
remembrance  all  that  Newton  has  done  for  them  and  me. 
I  indulge  the  hope,  sir,  that  I  am  to  have  further  years  of 
enjoyment,  and  am  consoled  with  the  assurance  that,  when 
my  clays  are  ended,  my  body  shall  be  laid  at  rest  under  six 
feet  of  good  Newton  soil. 


ADDRESS  OF  HON.  WILLIAM  B.  FOWLE,  THIRD 
MAYOR  OF  NEWTON. 


On  occasions  like  this,  it  is  well  to  recall  the  past,  and 
once  again,  while  renewing  our  own  memories  of  great 
events,  place  upon  record  our  appreciation  of  those  events. 
The  time  allotted  to  me,  within  the  limits  of  which  I  am  to 
speak  to  you  of  the  public  spirit  of  Newton,  in  peace  and  in 
war,  is  but  short,  and  only  admits  that  I  touch  briefly  upon 
salient  points. 

Whenever  in  the  past  great  emergencies  have  called  for 
action,  or  public  good  has  demanded  expenditure,  or  the  un- 
fortunate have  needed  assistance,  Newton  has  responded 
with  no  doubtful  tone.  Her  exertions,  her  sacrifices,  her 
wealth,  her  lives,  have  ever  been  freely  offered  and  given, 
when  required  for  the  general  welfare. 

The  public  spirit  contained  within  a  community  is  all  em- 
braced within  three  forms  of  its  expressions  :  — 

First.  In  its  corporate  capacity,  the  willingness  of  all  to 
submit  to  assessment  pro  rata  to  wealth,  for  the  advantage 
of  all. 

Second.  The  action  of  individuals  in  rendering  service  or 
in  voluntarily  contributing  wealth  towards  the  promotion  of 
the  general  welfare.     But  few  can  enjoy  this  latter  pleasure, 

—  those  only  to  whom  has  been  intrusted  the  wealth  essen- 
tial to  its  indulgence. 

Third.  That  abnegation  of  self,  under  which  hardships 
are  voluntarily  encountered,  and  property,  comfort,  home,  life, 

—  in  fact,  all  that  we  hold  dear  on  earth, —  are  risked  to  pro- 
tect or  preserve  the  existence  of  the  community. 

In  each  and  all  of  these  several  types  of  public  spirit, 


ADDRESS  — HON.    WILL  'LE  53 

Newton  has  ever  shown  herself  worthy.      The  pride  in  her 
cherished  by  her  citizens  is  fully  justified. 

To-day  we  see  around  us  manifold  evidences  of  Newton's 
care  for  the  comfort,  improvement,  enjoyment,  and  safety  of 
its  inhabitants.  Its  school-houses  and  liberal  expenditures 
for  education  far  exceed  the  requirements  of  law.  We  see 
it  in  the  beauty  and  solidity  of  the  public  structures,  in  the 
water  supply,  the  fire  department,  the  Public  Library,  the 
almshouse,  the  military,  police,  and  roads.  All  of  these  bear 
witness  to  the  fact  that  its  government  in  the  past  has  re- 
garded the  general  good,  and  liberally  passed  the  measures 
essential  to  that  good.  Nor  has  it  failed  to  exhibit  its  appre- 
ciation of  public  spirit,  as  fully  shown  by  the  memorial  mon- 
ument to  its  dead  soldiers. 

The  liberality  of  its  individual  citizens  is  equally  evident. 
Throughout  a  long  life,  J.  Wiley  Edmands  in  many  ways 
proved  his  love  for  Newton,  and,  as  the  crowning  proof,  left 
to  it  the  beautiful  Public  Library  Building. 

In  the  same  spirit,  a  citizen  yet  among  us  gave  the  taste- 
ful chapel  at  the  cemetery. 

The  same  spirit  is  exhibited  in  those  charitable   institu- 
tions   which    are  entirely  supported  by  voluntary  contribu- 
tions, the  Girls'   Home,  the  Boys'  Home,  and  the   Cott 
Hospital,  all  of  them  performing  loving  service  for  the  relief 
of  the  needy  and  suffering. 

Still  the  same  spirit  caused  those  legacies, —  the  Kenrick 
Fund  and  the  Reed  Fund. 

None  but  those  whose  duty  it  has  at  times  been  to  dis- 
tribute the  income  from  the  Kenrick  Fund  can  appreciate 
the  amount  of  good  effected  by  it.  A  small  sum,  its  annual 
income  but  some  two  hundred  dollars,  yet  that  small  sum, 
bestowed  in  accordance  with  the  donor's  wish,  "to  deserv- 
ing persons,  pressed  by  circumstances,  but  not  recipients  of 
public  alms,"  has  lightened  many  a  heavy  burden.  It  was  a 
thoughtful  and  delicate  bequest. 

The  Reed  Fund  is  similar  in  its  objects.  This  tender 
charity,  as  yet   but   of  short  existence,  has  already  yielded 


54  TWO  HUNDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY— NEWTON 

health  and  enjoyment  to  a  class  whose  opportunities  for 
enjoyment  are  few  indeed. 

To  great  necessities  occasioned  by  calamities  occurring 
beyond  her  own  limits,  the  citizens  of  Newton  have  ever 
promptly  and  liberally  contributed.  The  extent  of  such 
contributions  is  rarely  known,  because  such  offerings  are 
usually  made  through  Boston,  in  which  city  mostly  lie  the 
business  interests  of  our  citizens.  From  want  of  time, 
many  other  deserving  cases  of  service  rendered  to  our  com- 
munity must  remain  unnoted  here. 

But  the  evidences  of  public  spirit  thus  far  claimed  and 
noted,  beautiful  as  they  are,  do  not  reach  to  the  highest  type 
of  this  quality.  They  involve  only  the  parting,  to  a  greater 
or  less  extent,  with  this  world's  goods.  Beyond  and  above 
them  should  be  placed  a  yet  nobler  test  of  public  spirit,  that 
which  involves  the  risk  of  all  that  man  holds  dear  on  earth, — 
property,  comfort,  home,  life. 

Such  public  spirit  as  this  has  permeated  the  entire  past 
of  this  grand  old  town.  Hardships  to  be  borne,  fortune  to 
be  parted  with,  life  to  be  yielded  up, —  such  calls  Newton 
has  ever  promptly  met  and  nobly  answered. 

Two  hundred  years  ago  Newton  contained  but  some  sixty 
families,  an  intelligent,  manly,  honest  nucleus  for  the  great 
nation  that  has  since  grown  from  them  and  such  as  they. 
The  only  settlement  was  in  or  near  to  what  we  now  call 
Newton  Centre.  The  remainder  of  the  town's  area  was  still 
primeval  forest,  the  hunting-grounds  of  the  Indians. 

The  great  danger  of  those  times  arose  from  the  hostility 
of  the  Indians  to  the  settlers.  From  this  danger  Newton, 
although  she  feared  them  and  took  precautions  against  them, 
proved  to  be  happily  exempt.  This  exemption  was  princi- 
pally due  to  the  labors  of  the  apostle  Eliot,  who  gained  great 
influence  over  Waban,  the  chief  of  the  tribe  then  resident 
here,  and  through  him  induced  a  friendliness  towards  the 
white  men,  which  enabled  the  two  races  to  live  in  peace 
together.  This  fact  undoubtedly  aided  in  preserving  the 
white  men  of  Newton  from  the  attacks  of  hostile  tribes  of 


ADDRESS— HO. V.    WILLTAM  B.   FO 


55 


Indians,  which  swarmed  about  them,  at  no  great  distance 
and  in  all  directions. 

Had  our  settlers  lacked  public  spirit,  they  might  have 
quietly  remained  in  comparative  security,  and  have  left  their 
neighbors,  less  happily  located,  unaided  by  them  to  contend 
against  the  attacks  and  massacres  to  which  they  were  often 
subjected.  Not  such  the  temper  of  Newton's  men  !  His- 
tory tells  us  that  these  true  hearts  were  constantly  leaving 
their  homes,  intrusting  their  dearest  to  the  care  of  the  great 
Father,  and  aiding  in  the  protection  of  other  settlements 
needing  such  aid.  Massachusetts,  Maine,  New  Hampshire, 
and  Rhode  Island,  all,  at  various  times,  bore  witness  to  the 
public  spirit  of  these,  Newton's  earliest  inhabitants. 

Such  were  our  ancestors  of  that  generation.  They  passed 
to  their  reward.  A  new  generation,  reared  in  the  enjoyment 
of  the  peace  bequeathed  by  their  fathers,  themselves  inex- 
perienced in  war,  arrived  at  manhood,  when  to  them  came 
also  the  crowning  test  of  true  citizenship.  They  also  re- 
sponded as  nobly  as  had  their  ancestors. 

History  has  preserved  so  much  of  Newton's  share  in  the 
war  of  the  Revolution  that  I  need  but  briefly  dwell  upon  it. 
In  1775  culminated  the  contest  with  Great  Britain,  which, 
fot  ten  years  had  been  gradually  increasing  in  bitterness. 
Newton,  in  common  with  the  entire  country,  had  been  much 
aggrieved  at  the  unjust  and  arbitrary  measures  enforced  by 
Great  Britain,  and  had  bravely  shown  its  dissatisfaction  by 
resolutions  passed  as  events  called  them  forth.  During  this 
period,  peaceful  measures  only  were  employed,  in  the  hope 
that  the  mother  country  might  be  induced  peacefully  'to 
right  the  wrong.  Nevertheless,  Newton  had  prepared  for 
war, —  had  armed  all  its  men  and  organized  military  com- 
panies. 

That  little  army  from  Newton,  which  on  April  19,  1775, 
left  its  home  to  march  to  Lexington,  will  ever  merit  and 
receive  the  fullest  meed  of  praise  that  can  be  awarded  to 
deserving  citizens.  They  had  parted  with  all  whom  they 
held  most  dear,  had  imperilled  the  future  of  those  dear  ones, 


56 


TWO  HUNDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY—  NEWTON 


had  risked  the  loss  of  all  that  their  past  labors  had  enabled 
them  to  earn,  had  taken  the  first  steps  towards  years  of  cer- 
tain hardship  and  suffering,  which  could  only  be  shortened 
or  relieved  by  death  or  success.  They  realized,  they  knew, 
all  this.  They  knew  the  overwhelming  resources  of  the  power 
they  thus  dared.  Their  hearts  must  have  been  lacerated  and 
their  utmost  fears  excited  by  the  peril  thus  thrown  upon 
their  loved  ones.  As  thoughtful  men,  during  that  trying 
march,  they  must  have  pondered  upon  these  things ;  yet, 
true  to  the  core,  they  faltered  not.  Colonel  Michael  Jack- 
son and  his  two  hundred  and  eighteen  men  deserved  all  hon- 
ors which  can  be  earned  by  man,  and  they  have  them.  This 
little  force  contained  a  full  half  of  the  men  of  Newton. 
They  fought  at  Lexington  and  at  Concord  ;  and,  owing  to  the 
prudent  preparation  in  their  organization,  they  fought  with 
signal  ability.  We  cannot  now  realize  the  anxieties  and 
hardships  suffered  and  borne  by  our  noble  old  town  through- 
out the  seven  years  of  war  which  followed,  but  the  public 
spirit  of  Newton  met  all  this  with  the  same  vitality  as  of 
old. 

Peace  came  at  last.  The  generation  which  bore  the  burden 
of  the  war  of  the  Revolution,  counting  its  life's  work  done, 
bequeathed  peace  to  its  successors,  and  went  to  its  reward. 

Another  long  term  of  peace,  another  generation  grown  to 
manhood  amid  peaceful  pursuits,  another  crisis  calling  for  yet 
another  exhibition  of  patriotism,  another  response  from  old 
Newton,  another  uprising  equalling  all  that  had  gone  before. 
To  the  army  and  navy,  in  the  War  of  the  Rebellion,  Newton 
supplied  over  1,100  men,  fully  one-half  of  the  number  of  its 
legal  voters.  That  same  public  spirit  was  yet  alive  and 
active. 

Who  of  us  can  fail  to  remember  the  doubts  which  hung 
over  us  when  first  it  became  certain  that  we  must  fight? 
Our  distance  from  the  presumed  seat  of  the  coming  war,  our 
lack  of  previous  belief  that  war  must  come,  our  hitherto 
peaceful  lives,  undisturbed  by  a  thought  of  war, —  all  these 
might  have  resulted,  to  say  the  least,  in  delay  to  our  response 


ADDRESS  — BOX.    WILLIAM  /'.    FOWLE  57 

to  the  call  for  troops.  No  such  delay  occurred.  Again  New- 
ton proved  herself  worthy  the  renown  bequeathed  by  her 
Revolutionary  sires,  again  the  men  of  Newton  freely  risked 
their  all  on  earth  for  the  nation's  benefit,  and  again  deserved 
and  won  their  portion  of  the  nation's  gratitude. 

Have  we  yet  forgotten  how  great  is  our  debt  to  these 
men?  I  think  not;  yet  I  pray  our  citizens  to  remember 
that  the  same  manhood  which  caused  these  men  to  answer, 
"Ready!"  at  the  time  of  trouble,  may,  and  I  believe  does, 
cause  them  to  maintain  silence  as  to  themselves  and  their 
own  necessities. 

The  pride  we  to-day  take  in  Newton  is  fully  justified. 
Ever  desiring  peace,  she  has,  when  necessity  forced,  sought 
that  peace  through  war.  Often  tried,  never  wanting,  she 
has  ever  been  nobly  true  to  herself ;  and  her  citizens  have 
shown  themselves  deeply  imbued  with  that  noblest  trait  in 
man, —  love  for  his  fellow-man. 


The  enforced  absence  of  Hon.  John  C.  Park  caused  universal  regret. 
Infirmities  of  age  and  the  inclement  season  prevented  his  active  partici- 
pation in  the  celebration.  He  had  not  prepared  a  written  address,  but 
his  well-known  gifts  of  oratory  would  have  graced  the  occasion,  had  he 
been  able  to  be  present. 


ADDRESS  OF  OTIS  PETTEE,  ESQ. 


Mr.  Mayor,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen, —  After  what  has  al- 
ready been  so  ably  and  eloquently  said  of  our  beautiful  city, 
and  its  early  history  and  progress  to  the  present  time,  there 
is  but  little,  if  anything,  left  for  me  to  say.  Therefore,  I 
will  only  put  in  a  few  nows  and  thens,  by  way  of  variety,  in 
comparing  the  pioneer  life  and  customs  of  a  hundred  years 
ago  with  the  life  of  the  present  day. 

It  is  fair  to  presume  that  the  aspirations  of  the  early  set- 
tlers were  to  provide  homes  for  their  families,  a  shelter  for 
their  live  stock  and  farm  productions,  and  a  few  implements 
of  husbandry  to  assistin  earning  a  living  ;  but  the  luxuries  of 
life  were  left  by  them  for  generations  to  follow. 

I  think  I  have  heard  it  remarked  by  the  late  and  vener- 
able Seth  Davis,  Esq.,  that  in  the  clays  of  his  early  childhood 
there  were  but  three  family  carriages  owned  in  Newton,  one 
by  General  Hull,  one  by  Dr.  Freeman,  and  one  by  General 
Simon  Elliot.  Riding  upon  horseback  or  in  the  ordinary 
farm  wagons  very  likely  was  the  principal  mode  of  con- 
veyance. My  impression  is,  it  would  take  considerable  time 
to  go  through  the  assessors'  books  to  ascertain  the  number 
of  family  carriages  owned  in  Newton  to-day. 

The  early  settlers  lived  in  small  and  unpretentious  dwell- 
ings.* We  particularly  call  to  mind  the  old  Cheney  house 
that  stood  in  the  south-west  part  of  the  town,  near  the  Upper 
Falls.  This  house  was  built  in  1702  by  Mr.  Joseph  Cheney, 
grandfather  of  the  late  General  Ebenezer  Cheney.  The 
frame  of  the  house  was  of  heavy  oak  timber,  the  lower  story 
was  wainscoted  with  thick  oaken  planks,  to  resist  the  force 
of  a  stray  arrow  or  bullet.     One  side  of  the  living  room  was 


ADDRESS— OTIS  PETTEE,  ESQ.  eg 

entirely  occupied  by  a  mammoth  open  fireplace  and  oven. 
We  remember,  too,  the  old  Queen's  arms  and  other  military 
accoutrements  hanging  upon  the  walls,  together  with  sundry 
utensils  of  husbandry,  etc.  The  old  house,  having  fulfilled 
its  mission,  was  pulled  clown  in  the  spring  of  1S57. 

Now  we  live  in  large  and  costly  mansions  of  Queen  Anne 
styles  or  Mansard  type  of  architecture,  which  have  profuse 
outside  embellishments  both  of  carving  and  paint. 

Then  huge  back-logs,  with  andirons  and  foresticks,  sur- 
mounted by  sticks  of  wood  of  lesser  proportions,  made  a  fire 
in  winter  weather  worthy  of  its  name.  A  fire  built  in  this 
way  would  usually  last  from  three  to  four  weeks,  by  occa- 
sionally being  replenished  with  a  few  small  sticks.  To 
build  such  a  fire  required  the  assistance  of  all  the  neighbors 
near  by.  I  have  heard  my  father  say  that,  when  he  was  a 
lad,  he  went  with  his  father  to  assist  in  getting  in  a  back- 
log that  was  more  than  two  feet  in  diameter  and  six  feet 
long,  and  green  from  the  forest.  After  getting  it  in  position, 
the  smaller  sticks  were  placed  upon  it  until  the  pile  was 
nearly  six  feet  high.  The  brands  and  embers  from  the  old 
fire  were  placed  in  front  of  the  pile,  and  the  new  fire  was 
kindled. 

Now  a  boiler  in  the  basement  furnishes  steam  for  a  sys- 
tem of  radiators  in  the  various  compartments  of  our  houses, 
which  gives  a  comfortable  and  even  temperature  throughout 
the  building. 

Then  fire  would  be  obtained  with  a  tinder-box,  flint,  and 
steel,  or  with  matches  the  boys  would  split  out  in  their  leis- 
ure moments  and  dip  in  melted  brimstone. 

Now  a  slight  scftitch  of  a  lucifer  match  upon  any  hard 
substance  will  immediately  produce  a  flame. 

Then  an  evening's  light  the  fire  on  the  hearth  would  not 
provide  would  be  supplied  by  burning  pine  knots,  or  tallow 
dips,  or  by  vidders  hung  upon  a  crane. 

Now  a  hand  —  it  may  be  miles  away — pulls  a  lever,  and 
the  land  and  our  dwellings  are,  or  may  be,  flooded  with  a 
powerful  electric  light. 


6o  TWO   HUNDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY— NEWTON 

Then  water  for  domestic  use  was  procured  from  wells  or 
springs,  near  by  or  more  remote,  by  lowering  a  bucket  hung 
upon  a  horseshoe  attached  to  the  end  of  a  pole,  or  by  the 
improved  method  of  a  well-sweep,  which  consisted  of  a  long 
pole  balanced  upon  a  crotchet  at  the  top  of  a  post, —  the  butt 
end  of  the  pole  was  weighted  with  a  heavy  block  of  wood  or 
:ie  fastened  upon  it, —  and  from  the  opposite  end  there 
was  suspended  a  smaller  pole  with  a  bucket  for  lowering  into 
the  well.  This  appliance  for  drawing  water  has  been  im- 
mortalized by  Woodworth  in  his  charming  lyric  of  "The  Old 
Oaken  Bucket." 

Now  by  a  turn  of  a  faucet  in  the  lavatory  pure  water  flows 
in  abundance. 

Then  a  signal  to  a  neighbor,  if  there  should  chance  to  be 
one  living  within  sight,  or  to  the  marketmen  or  bakers  that 
occasionally  made  the  circuit  of  the  settlements,  would  be 
given  by  hanging  a  strip  of  white  or  colored  homespun  from 
an  upper  window  or  other  conspicuous  place. 

Now  a  turn  of  a  crank,  an  ear-trumpet,  and  speaking-tube, 
with  a  "  hulloa,"  is  all  that  is  required  to  open  a  conversation 
with  any  parties,  however  distant. 

Then  the  wives  and  daughters  carded  their  wool  and  spun 
the  yarns  with  their  great  spinning-wheels  for  hand  knitting 
and  weaving  articles  of  clothing  for  their  families. 

Now  the  same  work  is  done  by  power  machinery  in  our 
large  manufactories,  and  we  go  to  the  emporiums  and  pur- 
chase every  variety  of  ready-made  goods  for  domestic  uses. 

With  all  the  primitive  methods  of  earning  a  livelihood,  our 
ancestors  were  not  unmindful  of  the  necessity  of  bringing  up 
their  sons  and  daughters  to  become  men  and  women  of  good 
sound  integrity  and  moral  character,  and  to  give  them  an 
education  that  would  enable  them  to  occupy  with  honor  any 
station  in  life  they  might  be  called  upon  to  fill. 

They  were  a  progressive  people,  and,  although  a  few  slaves 
were  once  owned  in  Newton,  the  system  was  looked  upon  as 
a  curse  to  any  community,  and  soon  stamped  out. 

Intemperance  in  the  use  of   strong  drinks  was  another 


ADDRESS— OTIS  PETTEE,  ESQ.  £)l 

blight  which  they  did  not  lose  sight  of,  as  well  as  of  sundry 
other  moral  reforms  unnecessary  to  enumerate  at  this  time. 

Therefore,  the  measure  of  indebtedness  we  owe  to  genera- 
tions gone  before  for  our  present  beautiful  homes  and  the 
luxuries  about  them  is  difficult  to  compute  ;  and  we  may  well 
be  proud  of  the  enviable  rank  we  hold  in  the  galaxy  of  cities 
around  us. 

As  a  matter  of  history,  I  will  say  that,  in  crossing  the 
bridge  over  Charles  River  between  Newton  and  Watertown 
a  few  days  since,  my  attention  was  arrested  by  a  stone  tablet 
placed  upon  the  bridge  at  the  right-hand  side  and  near  the 
centre  of  the  river,  with  the  following  inscription  engraved 
upon  it :  — 

"This  bridge  built  in  17 19,  and  was  then  known  as  the 
Great  Bridge,  and  the  first  one  built  in  the  State." 

I  find  in  the  town  records  of  Cambridge  that  an  appro- 
priation of  two  hundred  pounds  lawful  money,  towards  build- 
ing a  bridge  over  Charles  River,  was  made,  and  that  the 
bridge  was  built  about  1660,  and  was  called  and  long  known 
as  the  Great  Bridge. 

And  in  Holmes's  History  of  Cambridge  there  is  re- 
corded an  order  of  the  selectmen  that  timber  bought  for  the 
fortifications  be  used  for  repairing  the  Great  Bridge,  and 
that  the  bridge  was  rebuilt  in  1690  at  the  expense  of  Cam- 
bridge and  Newton,  with  some  aid  from  the  public  treasury. 

Dr.  Paige's  History  of  Cambridge  gives  a  detailed  ac- 
count of  the  conception  and  building  of  a  bridge  across 
Charles  River,  and  the  citizens  of  Cambridge  agreed  to  con- 
tribute two  hundred  pounds  towards  its  construction,  and 
that  the  bridge  was  completed  before  March,  1663.  This 
bridge  was  larger  than  any  previous  bridge  built  in  the  col- 
ony, and  was  called  the  Great  Bridge. 

In  1734,  it  was  provided  that  a  draw  in  said  bridge,  not 
less  than  thirty-two  feet  wide,  should  be  constructed,  at  an 
equal  distance  from  each  abutment,  and  that  the  opening  in 
the  middle  of  said  draw  should  be  the  dividing  line  between 
Cambridge  and  Brighton  at  that  point. 


52  TWO  HUNDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY— NEWTON 

This  bridge  as  described  by  Messrs.  Holmes  and  Paige 
was  built  more  than  fifty  years  before  the  Watertown  bridge, 
and  is  conceded  by  all  authorities  to  be  the  bridge  across  the 
river  near  Harvard  Square  in  Cambridge;  and  I  think  it  is 
the  second  bridge  below  the  arsenal  bridge  between  the 
lower  part  of  Watertown  and  Brighton  Corner. 


ADDRESS  OF  JULIUS  L.  CLARKE,  ESQ.,   FIRST 
CLERK  OF  THE  CITY  OF  NEWTON. 


Mr.  Mayor,  Ladies  and  Gentlemen, —  There  are  some 
people  in  the  world  who  regard  lineal  descent  or  pedigree  as 
of  little  or  no  account,  unless  dating  far  back  into  the  cen- 
turies or  shrouded  in  some  mysterious  antiquity.  With  all 
deference  to  freedom  of  opinion,  and  with  loyal  veneration 
for  ancestral  honor  and  distinction,  yet  claiming  no  special 
prestige  as  a  lineal  representative  of  Newton's  earlier  set- 
tlers, it  may  suffice  for  me  to  say  that  about  one  generation 
ago  important  interests  prompted  my  selection  of  a  home  in 
West  Newton,  familiarly  known  in  old-time  prosaic  vocabu- 
lary as  "Squash  End."  And  so,  friends,  although  my  New- 
ton pedigree  reaches  back  only  a  single  generation,  I  am 
proud  to  add  even  my  humble  tribute  to  this  memorial  ser- 
vice, and  to  the  city  of  my  home,  in  connection  with  some 
of  whose  departments  of  municipal  administration  you  have 
from  the  first  honored  me  with  responsible  trust. 

Without  trespass  upon  history  already  so  well  and  perti- 
nently cited,  permit  me  a  word  in  emphasis  of  the  welcome 
fact  that  Newton  to-day  takes  her  place  in  the  historic  and 
distinguished  procession  of  towns  and  cities  which  have  pre- 
ceded her  in  the  observance  of  their  two  hundredth  anniversa- 
ries. The  occasion  therefore  furnishes  a  fitting  opportunity  for 
taking  account  of  stock, —  in  other  words,  the  social,  moral, 
intellectual,  and  material  wealth  which  has  become  the 
crowning  glory  of  Puritan  and  Pilgrim  Newton.  I  say  Puri- 
tan and  Pilgrim  with  no  thought  of  sectarian  or  partisan  im- 
plication ;  for,  irrespective  of  any  and  all  differences,  sup- 
posed or  otherwise,  whether  in  creed,  polity,  or  practice,  both 


64  TWO  HUNDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY— NEWTON 

were  brought  by  lineal  descent  and  by  succession  into  New- 
ton's common  fellowship  and  interest.  Both  were  consci- 
entious in  their  faith  and  example;  yet  neither  were  perfect. 
Both  had  their  faults,  as  we  have  ours  ;  and  so  it  is  that 
none  of  us  are  ever  too  old  to  learn,  nor  ever  so  wise  that 
we  may  not  become  wiser,  nor  ever  so  good  that  we  may  not 
become  better.  But,  aside  from  all  this,  that  Puritan  and 
Pilgrim  ancestry  richly  merit  our  most  grateful  and  reverent 
regard.  Their  spirit  and  purpose  were  noble,  patriotic,  and 
progressive.  Their  achievements  were  grand  and  far-reach- 
ing. In  all  this  toilsome  yet  glorious  struggle  for  the  estab- 
lishment of  principle  and  right,  and  for  the  richest  fruitage 
of  practical  thrift,  living  faith,  and  conscientious  integrity, 
their  aims  were  loyally  cherished  and  faithfully  exemplified 
through  their  own  and  descendant  generations,  and  often 
from  the  executive  chair  of  the  Commonwealth,  as  happily 
evidenced  by  its  present  occupant,  from  a  Pilgrim  ancestry, 
whom  we  welcome  to-day  as  our  guest. 

But,  returning  to  our  account  of  stock,  we  find  that  ever 
since  that  sparsely  settled  and  impoverished  hamlet  along 
the  south  shore  of  Charles  River  was  divorced  from  her 
Cambridge  associate, —  whether  her  better  or  poorer  half,  the 
oracle  saith  not, —  and  set  up  for  herself  as  an  independent 
"Newtowne"  municipality,  her  record  has  been  one  of  al- 
most continued  growth  and  prosperity,  though  at  first  slow, 
yet  ever  leading  onward  to  higher  and  higher  education  and 
culture,  and  to  greater  enlargement,  influence,  and  wealth. 
Her  twenty  original  settlers  are  to-day  represented  by  more 
than  as  many  thousands  ;  while  in  place  of  their  aggregate 
property  valuation  of  ^8,536,  or  about  $42,000,  Newton's 
real  valuation  has  come  to  be  almost  a  thousand-fold  greater. 
Why,  the  poorest  man  among  those  twenty  settlers  was 
worth  as  much  as  ^85,  about  $425 ;  while  the  richest,  Ed- 
ward Jackson,  Deacon  John  Jackson,  and  Thomas  Ham- 
mond, the  fortunate  possessors  respectively  of  $12,000, 
$6,000,  and  $5,000,  were,  so  to  speak,  the  "  bloated  mill- 
ionaires"  of   their  time,  though   bearing   sorry  comparison 


ADDRESS— JULIUS  L.    CLARKE  fie 

with  millionaires  of  our  day.  '  In  this  financial  relation  it 
may  be  interesting  to  know  that  for  the  first  nine  years 
Newton's  annual  town  tax  for  current  expenses  averaged 
about  $100;  for  the  next  twenty-five  years,  about  $450; 
and  for  the  next  forty-five  years,  about  $830.  While  the 
monetary  necessities  of  our  now  thriving  city  are  con- 
stantly increasing  in  volume  and  forcing  compliance  with 
their  demand,  a  comparison  of  these  beggarly  figures  with 
present  assessments,  more  than  half  a  million  a-  year,  may 
at  least  create  a  suspicion  that  the  world  moves,  and  espe- 
cially its  "  Garden  City." 

Of  all  its  public  expenditures,  whether  as  town  or  city, 
none  have  yielded  more  welcome  return  than  those  devoted 
to  educational  interests,  to  which  I  desire  especially  to  refer, 
though  in  the  few  moments  assigned  me  I  can  do  little  more 
than  picture  in  briefest  outline  the  marvellous  contrast 
between  now  and  that.  Of  the  rise  and  progress  of  our 
educational  service,  let  me  say,  in  passing,  that  here,  as  else- 
where, the  church  and  the  school  have  been  potent  factors 
in  moulding  and  developing  the  character  of  our  population, 
though  it  is  a  notable  fact  that  for  sixty  years  after  her  set- 
tlement Newton  had  no  public  or  private  school,  and  that 
the  meeting-house  preceded  the  school-house  by  nearly  half 
a  century,  the  children  meantime  having  the  privilege  of 
attending  school  in  Cambridge,  four  or  five  miles  away,  on 
the  north  side  of  the  Charles,  and  for  which  Newton,  then 
an  integral  part  of  the  former,  was  taxed  as  early  as  1642. 
It  is  a  singular  fact  in  this  connection  that,  while  the  church 
so  long  preceded  the  school  in  Newton,  the  former  was  far 
behind  the  latter  in  one  very  essential  improvement,  one 
hundred  and  thirty-two  years  having  elapsed  during  which  no 
such  thing  as  a  stove  was  known  in  a  Newton  church,  while 
only  ninety-seven  years  passed  before  her  schools  were  pro- 
vided with  that  necessary  addition,  the  town  voting  in  1796 
to  purchase  five  stoves  for  that  purpose. 

The  erection  of  the  first  school-house,  16X  14  feet,  in  1699, 
with  Deacon  John  Staples  as  master  four  days  in  the  week 


66  TWO  HUNDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY— NEWTON 

at  two  shillings  a  day,  followed  two  years  later  with  two 
more,  16X16  feet,  one  near  the  First  Church  at  Newton 
Centre  and  the  other  at  Oak  Hill,  the  same  teacher  giving 
two-thirds  of  his  time  to  the  former  and  one-third  to  the 
latter,  proved  the  beginning  of  a  new  era  in  our  school  his- 
tory. Though  not  till  sixty-three  years  later,  in  1766,  was  a 
single  schoolmistress  employed  ;  and,  when  that  most  desir- 
able innovation  did  come,  the  schools  were  for  a  considerable 
period  classified  as  "men's  schools"  and  "women's  schools," 
the  distinction  being  extended  even  to  appropriations  for 
their  maintenance.  Yet  the  authorities  of  that  day  evidently 
believed  in  the  value  of  "  book  learning  "  ;  for  parents  were 
required  to  pay  $d.  a  week  for  a  child  "  learning  to  read,  and 
4.//.  a  week  for  learning  to  read,  write,  and  cipher." 

With  kindest  respect  for  our  honored  predecessors,  it  may 
be  said  that  from  this  little  beginning,  with  its  unique  regu- 
lations and  its  little  sixteen-foot  sJianty,  has  come  forth  the 
broad,  grand  educational  system  now  so  deservedly  the  pride 
of  our  city,  and  so  many  of  whose  school  graduates  have 
been  represented  in  the  ministry,  in  college  and  seminary 
professorships,  and  in  every  department  of  public,  profes- 
sional, and  honorable  business  life.  That  little  sixtccu-footcr, 
costing  only  $100,  has  given  place  to  twenty  or  more  spa- 
cious school  buildings,  in  which  more  than  4,000  pupils  are 
now  enrolled,  in  nearly  ninety  schools,  under  the  instruction 
of  more  than  one  hundred  teachers;  while  the  annual  school 
expenditure  of  $50  or  $75  in  those  first  years  has  now 
reached  upwards  of  $100,000  a  year,  not  including  cost  of 
buildings,  etc.,  the  present  valuation  of  which  aggregates 
nearly  $600,000, —  and  all  this  a  living  example  of  Newton's 
noble  generosity  and  progressive  spirit. 

In  conclusion,  we  recall  in  treasured  reminiscence  and  in 
pleasant  association  very  many  of  high  and  deserved  reputa- 
tion, both  as  citizens  and  educators.  In  the  very  beginning 
of  this  notable  record,  we  find  two  of  Newton's  town  clerks 
prominently  identified  with  her  educational  development, 
Deacon  John  Staples  officiating  as  her  first  public  school- 


ADDRESS— JULIUS  L.    CLARKE  6y 

teacher,  and,  later  on,  Marshall  S.  Rice  as  the  founder  of  a 
private  school  for  boys,  in  which  more  than  a  thousand 
pupils  received  their  education  in  greater  or  less  degree. 
Nor  should  we  forget  in  this  connection  the  once  popular 
Female  Academy  and  Boarding  School,  established  in  the 
Nonantum  House  at  "  Newton  Corner,"  by  Mrs.  Susannah 
Rowson,  the  daughter  of  a  British  officer,  and  a  lady  whose 
literary  and  educational  repute  attracted  a  generous  patron- 
age, both  home  and  foreign.  Among  those  of  more  recent 
note  may  be  named  the  late  venerable  Seth  Davis,  with 
whose  educational  work,  commencing  in  the  early  days, 
we  are  all  so  familiar,  Rev.  Cyrus  Pierce,  Judge  Abraham 
Fuller,  Dr.  Henry  Bigelow,  Hon.  D.  H.  Mason,  and  many 
others,  of  whose  faithful  and  efficient  services  time  forbids 
enumeration.  But,  closely  associated  with  the  extension 
and  development  of  their  work,  we  remember  the  first  Sec- 
retary of  the  Massachusetts  Board  of  Education,  Horace 
Mann,  under  whose  supervision  the  first  State  Normal 
School  was  established  in  Lexington,  afterwards  removed 
to  West  Newton,  and  subsequently  to  Framingham,  its  loss 
to  us  being  fortunately  compensated  by  a  popular  successor, 
the  West  Newton  English  and  Classical  School.  Impor- 
tant also  in  the  same  connection  may  be  named  the  New- 
ton Theological  Seminary,  opened  in  1825,  the  Lasell 
Female  Seminary,  in  185 1,  both  well  and  widely  known, 
as  have  also  been  various  other  public  and  private  schools 
before  and  since. 

In  all  this  history,  as  has  been  so  well  and  truthfully  said 
by  one  of  our  own  distinguished  historians,  I  am  happy  to 
say  our  "  Poet  Laureate  "  on  this  occasion,  "  Newton  has  been 
a  benediction  to  the  world  through  such  instrumentalities 
and  influences."  These,  with  other  tributary  agencies,  in- 
cluding church  and  ministry,  and  last,  but  not  least,  various 
public  libraries,  two  of  which  were  founded  about  the  year 
1798,  a  year  before  the  establishment  of  the  first  public 
school,  and  finally  our  Free  Public  Library,  so  generously 
endowed  by  the  late  J.  Wiley  Edmands  and  others,  and  now 


(58  TWO  HUNDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY—  NEWTON 

becoming  a  most  useful  auxiliary  to  our  public  school  sys- 
tem, its  circulation  aggregating  more  than  ioo.ooo  volumes 
a  year,  and  exceeding  the  ratio  to  population  of  nearly,  if  not 
every  other  city  in  the  Commonwealth, —  all  these,  in  con- 
nection with  an  efficient  school  administration,  past  and 
present,  have  been  most  helpful  co-operators  in  raising  our 
standard  of  education,  culture,  and  refinement. 

But  look  back  a  moment.  Two  hundred  years !  Where, 
where  have  they  gone  ?  Quickly  indeed  have  they  disap- 
peared in  life's  unremitting  stream.  But  not  lost.  They 
still  live  in  Newton's  history,  aye,  in  the  world's  history ! 
The  noble  men,  and  the  noble  women,  too,  who  lived  to 
adorn  and  beautify  the  pages  of  that  history  with  good  deeds, 
loving  ministries,  and  ennobling  influences,  have  left  behind 
a  radiant  and  inspiring  example  to  guide  us  onward  to  yet 
higher  attainments  and  richer  rewards.  For  this  grand 
record  of  heroism,  patience,  faith,  and  sacrifice,  we  cannot  be 
too  grateful ;  and  may  those  who  shall  gather  for  the  observ- 
ance of  coming  centennials  have  reason  to  rejoice  in  our 
memories,  as  do  we  in  those  of  our  predecessors.  Such 
result  will  happily  exemplify  the  suggestive  truth  that  in  all 
his  ceaseless  course,  armed  with  glass  and  scythe, 

"Time  is  indeed  a  precious  boon, 
But  with  the  boon  a  task  is  given : 
The  heart  must  learn  its  duty  well 
To  man  on  earth  and  God  in  heaven." 

The  audience  united  in  singing  "America,"  after  which 
Rev.  George  W.  Shinn,  D.D.,  pronounced  the  benediction, 
as  follows  :  — 

The  Blessing  of  God  Almighty  the  Father,  the  Son,  and  the  Holy 
Ghost  be  upon  the  City  of  Newton  and  upon  all  who  dwell  therein. 

The  Lord  be  favorable  to  this  place  in  the  time  to  come,  as  He  has 
been  in  the  time  that  is  past. 

May  its  citizens  be  law-abiding  and  upright,  may  its  homes  be  pure 
and  happy,  may  its  institutions  of  learning  and  benevolence  flourish,  and 
may  the  principles  of  the  Christian  Faith  be  so  truly  received  and  so 
truly  followed  here  by  all  the  people  of  this  place  that  the  City  of  New- 
ton may  receive  especial  favor  from  the  Lord,  whose  blessing  maketh 
rich  and  addeth  no  sorrow. 


BANQUET. 


About  one  hundred  gentlemen,  at  six  o'clock,  gathered  at 
the  Woodland  Park  Hotel.     His  Honor  the  Mayor,  J.  Wesley 
Kimball,  presided.     In  the  absence   of  His  Excellency  the 
Governor,  the  Commonwealth  was  represented  by  His  Honor 
the   Lieutenant   Governor,    John    O.    A.    Brackett.      Other 
guests  of  the  city  were :  Hon.  Henry  N.  Fisher,  Mayor  of 
Waltham ;  Hon.  Mark  F.  Burns,  Mayor  of  Somerville ;  Hon. 
George  W.  Hart,  Mayor  of  Lynn ;  Hon.  John  J.  Whipple, 
ex-Mayor  of  Brockton.     Of  the  Newton    City  Government 
there  were  present :  Aldermen  James  H.  Nickerson,  N.  Henry 
Chadwick,  Frederick  Johnson,  and  John  Ward  ;  Councilmen 
Heman    M.   Burr,    president   and    Mayor-elect;  Albert   W. 
Rice,  Henry  H.  Hunt,  Frank  J.  Hale,  Ephraim  S.  Hamblen, 
Ebenezer  H.  Greenwood,  and  Henry  H.  Read ;  Rev.  G.  W. 
Shinn,  D.D.,  of  the  School  Committee  ;  Winfield  S.  Slocum, 
City   Solicitor   and    Representative  to   the  General  Court ; 
Albert  F.  Noyes,  City  Engineer ;  Albert  S.  Glover,  Water 
Registrar;  Samuel  M.  Jackson  and  Howard  B.  Coffin,  As- 
sessors ;  Joseph  D.  Wellington,  City  Messenger.     Of  former 
members  of  the  City  Council  there  were  present :  ex-Mayors 
James  F.  C.  Hyde  and  William  B.  Fowle ;  ex- Aldermen  Otis 
Pettee,   Vernon    E.    Carpenter,    Henry  E.  Cobb,  Noah  W. 
Farley,  George  M.  Fiske,  Samuel  L.  Powers,  and  Austin  R. 
Mitchell;  ex-Councilmen  J.  Sturgis  Potter,  Joseph  W.  Stover, 
Prescott  C.  Bridgham,  Luther   E.   Leland,  William  Peirce, 
Edward  M.  Billings,  Henry  F.  Ross,  and  Lewis  E.  Coffin ; 
ex-City  Clerk  Julius  L.  Clarke. 

Other  citizens  were  Rev.  Daniel  L.  Furber,  D.D.,  Rev. 
Theodore  J.   Holmes,  John  S.  Farlow,  Isaac  T.  Burr,  John 


70  TWO  HUNDREDTH  ANNIVERSARY—  iXEWTON 

B.  Goodrich,  William  E.  Plummer,  George  B.  Wilbur,  Ed- 
ward H.  Pierce,  Austin  T.  Sylvester,  Samuel  Hano,  George 
T.  Coppins,  Edward  F.  Barnes,  M.  J.  Duane,  O.  C.  Liver- 
more,  F.  W.  Turner,  Chandler  Seaver,  Jr.,  C.  E.  Sweet, 
D.  F.  Parker,  C.  H.  Johnson,  W.  F.  Chapman,  R.  E.  Ashen- 
den,  and  William  C.  Brown. 

After  partaking  of  the  very  substantial  dinner,  served  in 
accordance  with  the  menu  on  page  71,  interesting  speeches 
were  made  by  Lieutenant  Governor  Brackett,  ex-Mayor 
Whipple,  William  E.  Plummer,  City  Solicitor  Slocum,  ex- 
Alderman  Powers,  and  others.  The  occasion  was  enlivened 
by  vocal  selections  from  the  Temple  Quartette,  composed  of 
the  following-named  gentlemen  :  William  R.  Bateman,  first 
tenor;  Edwin  F.  Webber,  second  tenor;  Henry  A.  Cook, 
baritone  ;  Albert  C.  Ryder,  bass. 

The  selections  sung  were  :  — 

"  Hurrah  for  the  Field," Schmolzer 

"  Three  Huntsmen," Kreutzer 

"In  Absence" Buck 

"  Waltz," Lamothe 

"  Hail,  Smiling  Morn," Spofforth 

Vocal  March,  "  Now  forward," Storch 

It  is  worthy  of  note  that  the  Woodland  Park  Hotel  has 
obtained  an  enviable  reputation  under  the  skilful  conduct 
of  the  proprietor,  Joseph  Lee,  and  his  estimable  wife,  who 
apparently  suffer  no  detriment  from  the  fact  of  their  nativity 
being  of  the  race  so  recently  emancipated  from  what  was 
fitly  described  by  the  late  Senator  Sumner  as  the  "  Barba- 
rism of  Slavery." 


DINNER  jw0  Hundredth  Anniversary 

Woodland  Par^  Motel  of  the  Incorporation  of 

Thursday,  Dec.  27,  1888.  the  Town  of  Newton' 

BLUEPOINTS  ON   HALF   SHELL. 

MOCK  TURTLE.  CONSOMME. 

TURBOT  A  LA  TARTARE. 

ROAST  BEEF.  ROAST  TURKEY 

SADDLE  OF  MUTTON'. 

BOILED  PHILADELPHIA  CAPON,  CELERY  SAUCE. 

POTATO  CROQUETTES,   ESCALLOPED  TOMATOES. 

MACARONI   AU  GRATIN,   CELERY. 

CHICKEN  CROQUETTES,   FRENCH   PEAS. 

ROMAN   PUNCH. 

MALLARD   DUCKS,   DRESSED   CELERY. 
CURRANT  JELLY. 

LOBSTER  SALAD. 

FROZEN   PUDDING.  HARLEQUIN  CREAM.  CHARLOTTE    i 

ORANGE  SHERBET.  LEMON   SHERBET. 

ROQUEFORT  AND   NEUCHATEL  CHEESE. 

CRACKERS.  OLIVES. 

NUTS  AND   RAISINS.  ASSORTED   FRUIT. 

COFFEE. 


5 
if 


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